Hamlet, By William Shakespeare - 1263 Words

Scene II and III: 1. In this portion of the play, Hamlet is still feigning madness in front of Rosencrantz, Guildenstern and Claudius. Hamlet speaks in riddles and expresses absurd thoughts that all contribute to his madness facade. Rosencrantz, Guildenstern and Claudius fail to decipher these riddles, which leaves them confused and convinced that Hamlet has lost his mind. In Scene II, when Rosencrantz and Guildenstern approach Hamlet to retrieve Polonius’s body, Hamlet responds by calling Rosencrantz a sponge. Using the phrase ‘sponge’, Hamlet means to say that once Claudius acquires what he needs from Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, he will require no further use of them. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are confused by Hamlet’s muddled words and ignore him, shifting the subject back to the location of Polonius’s body. This change in subject and inattention to Hamlet’s words shows how Rosencrantz and Guildenstern don’t take Hamlet seriously, believing that he is mad. In Scene III, when Hamlet is presented to Claudius about the inquiry of Polonius’s body, he answers with yet another riddle. Through his conundrums, Hamlet leaves Claudius confused just like Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Similar to his courtiers, Claudius also chooses to ignore Hamlet, not taking him seriously because he too considers Hamlet to be mad. Scene IV: 1. The first conclusion Hamlet makes after his soliloquy is that he has been cowardly in pursuing his revenge against Claudius and failed to complete hisShow MoreRelatedHamlet, By William Shakespeare880 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare is praised as the pioneering English poet and playwright whose collection of theatrical works is regarded as the greatest artistic value throughout the history of English literature. Shakespeare delved into the spiritual and mental component of humanity and the consequences that arise from this human spirit when it is disputed. The most famous revenge tragedy play, Hamlet, is an excellent illustration of Shakespeare’s philosophical study of human nature. In Hamlet, the arguableRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare899 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare, author of Hamlet, was a well-known author in the 1500s and is still popular today. He was born on April 24, 1564 in London, England. Although there were no birth records at that time, it shows he was baptized one year prior to that, which leads us to believe his birthday was in 1564 because children were normally baptized a year after their birth. Shakespeare’s writing style was very different than others at that time. He used many metaphors and rhetorical phrases, and most ofRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare996 Words   |  4 PagesHamlet, written by William Shakespeare, with out a doubt holds the most famous soliloquy in English history spoken by Hamlet in Act III, scene i, lines 57-90. This soliloquy holds much importance to the play as a whole because it ties together the reoccurring themes of suicide and Hamlet’s inaction portrayed by Shakespeare. Hamlet poses a problem, which is the driving force of the play: â€Å"To be or not to be?†(III.i.57). Shakespeare uses this logical question asked by Hamlet to drive out his underlyingRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1178 Words   |  5 Pages In William Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, the protagonist suffers from struggles with major characters, especially with the women in his life. While reading the play Hamlet, Hamlet appears to be a disillusioned man. Throughout the play, Shakespeare has only casted two females: Gertrude and Ophelia. Gertrude is defined to be incestuous, naà ¯ve and cold-hearted. On the other side, Ophelia is characterized to be ignorant, innocent and fearful. After the quick marriage of his mother and evil uncle, Hamlet’sRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1308 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet is arguably one of the greatest tragedies in all of literature and when most people think of tragic plays, they think of none other than the one who wrote it, William Shakespeare. This classic story of revenge excites it’s readers with its main character, Prince Hamlet, who goes through the unique human-like process of revenge that is often overlooked. Many other stories rely heavily on the logi c of good people doing good things and bad people doing bad things just for the sake of their natureRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare Essay1453 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet by William Shakespeare explores many aspects of mankind--death, betrayal, love, and mourning. Out of these, the most prominent theme in this play is death in the form of suicide. The main character, Hamlet, finds himself questioning the quality of life and the uncertainty of the afterlife once he discovers news of his father s death and the corruption in the kingdom that follows. Ophelia, Hamlet’s lover, is found dead later in the plot and is presumed to have committed suicide. In Hamlet’sRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1146 Words   |  5 PagesA character so complex, enticing and fascinating, his name is Hamlet. We are all Hamlet, and that, is the argument. Hamlet is an enigmatic character with many flaws. These flaws are the ones that prove similarities between us and him. A play so popular and significant is due to its huge relevance to us as a society. In the play Hamlet, William Shakespeare uses Hamlet’s character and metaphor to demonstrate that when one is left alone to their thoughts, these thoughts overtake reason. ConsequentlyRead MoreHamlet by William Shakespeare1456 Words   |  6 PagesThe play Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, takes place in a time where the impossible was a part of the lives of everyday people. Occurrences that people in the modern time would believe unbelievable. Yet, with just a quill and parchment Shakespeare’s is able to connect the past and present by weaving a plot with skill that is still unparalleled to this day. The play Hamlet this exceeds this expectation by revealing depth of Hamlets, the protagonists, character personality through the useRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1920 Words   |  8 PagesIn the play Hamlet by William Shakespeare, the character Hamlet must deal with both external and internal conflict. Hamlet encounters many struggles and has trouble finding a way to deal with them. With so many corrupt people in his life, Hamlet feels as if there is no one that he can trust and begins to isolate himself from others. A result from this isolation leads Hamlet to become melancholy. Hamlet struggles with suicidal thoughts, wants to kill King Claudius, and is distraught over his mother’sRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare846 Words   |  4 Pagesalways been a contemplative topic. In Hamlet, the main character Hamlet thinks to himself about suicide. Hamlet was written by William Shakespeare. Shakespeare wrote Hamlet between 1599 and 1602. William Shakespeare is one of the greatest playwrights in history. Hamlet is about Prince Hamlet of Denmark who is trying to find out about the death of his father after his father s ‘ghost’ comes to him telling him it was his uncle who had killed him. While Hamlet contemplates suicide he gives his famous

The Impact of the Generation Gap on the Performance at the Workplace, Research Proposal

Essays on The Impact of the Generation Gap on the Performance at the Workplace, and on the Cooperation Between the Employees Research Proposal The paper â€Å"The Impact of the Generation Gap on the Performance at the Workplace, and on the Cooperation Between the Employees" is an intriguing example of a research proposal on human resources. â€Å"The phrase generation gap implies a deep chasm, which opens up between parents and children†. In our societies, we have seen our parents exert a great influence on the subsequent generations in matters relating to the culture, lifestyle, and religion but the question arises is where is that gap, and what can be done to fill this gap? But before going to these questions’ the research will explore in the context of today’s world the meaning of Generation Gap. What constitutes a generation, and what is that specific thing or things that link the people together and make the people into one family?ContextThe main question asked will be the impact that the generation gap has on the productivity at the workplace, and the impact it has on the interactions between the workers. In this context, the research will look at some of the methods that have so far been adopted to bridge the issues created by the generation gap at the workplace, besides finding further solutions to the problem. The context is important given the fact that it is now well accepted that the only way to solve issues of growth is to ensure effective communication between employees. This needs not to be marred by issues of the generation gap. Generation Gap Literature ReviewThe prevalence of the generation gap is often a heated topic in context to domestic affairs and among families all over the world. We often hear our elders complaining about the type of dress we are wearing our lifestyle and several choices that defy previous societal conventions. However, change is the norm of this world. It has occurred when our parents were also young and before that when grandparents were young too. They all have to face some questions from their parents. The sum of these differences alo ng with several causes is what known as the Generation Gap.Generation gap refers to anytime there is a vast difference in cultural standards and values between a younger generation and their elders. This gap develops when younger and older people do not understand each other because of their different experiences, behaviors, values, habits, and opinions. Although such gaps have existed throughout history, the term generation gap gained widespread acceptance in the 1960s as a way to describe the cultural differences between the baby boomers and their parents (Froehlich and Froehlich, 2006). According to the â€Å"generational† school of thought, the idea of defining a generation and thereby creating differences from one to the other is the values that are created and imprinted for the duration of an entire life. These are historical events that take place as people mature from children and enter adulthood, and are defined by the norms in society, the present technological nuan ces and the growth structures and belief systems that define a given societal structure at that given point in time.

Vacant Chapter 1 Alone Free Essays

I grew up in a small house in a lower-class neighborhood, just my dad and me. My old man worked a blue-collar job with shit benefits. I can’t complain too much though, because I never went hungry and always had a roof over my head. We will write a custom essay sample on Vacant Chapter 1 Alone or any similar topic only for you Order Now No, my dad didn’t hug me every night or read bedtime stories by the glow of a nightlight, but he fed me, clothed me, and didn’t knock me around. That’s more than some of my friends had, so I was grateful. I hadn’t known then, growing up, that there was anything more in life to want. I was fifteen when my father left just after dinner to buy a pack of cigarettes. He never came home. My dad was shot in a convenience store parking lot after he gave the wrong guy the wrong look. He walked down to get some smokes and didn’t take his wallet, just five bucks for the cheapest pack he could get. He was shot at point-blank range, no cigarettes or money found on his person. He was listed as a John Doe at the morgue. There was no burial and no identity when he moved from this life to the next. I was on my own for a week before anyone realized I was alone. I was smart enough to keep my mouth shut, to get up and go to school every day. I figured I had at least three or four months before a bill collector came knocking, but the nosy bitch across the street hadn’t seen the old man in a week and was â€Å"worried.† That’s when I began my life in the system. It’s not like on TV; when you’re an orphan in an after school special, they ship your ass off to a relative and everyone lives happily ever after. In real life, though, if you don’t have family that wants you – or family at all, you become a ward of the state. Sure, they have foster homes and pretend families that some kids get to live with, but there are a shit-ton of homeless kids and few foster families available. Many foster parents are in it for the money, so they aren’t exactly the best option, either. Typically, you’re stuck in a group home with other kids in the same messed up situation as you and a revolving door of caregivers. However, I had a bed to sleep in, clothes on my back, and I was not a victim of abuse. It wasn’t all that different from living with my dad. At eighteen, Children’s Services kicked my ass out. There were lots of kids to take care of and not a lot of money. Luckily, I’d gotten a job at a grocery store as a bag boy at sixteen and began saving. I wasn’t stupid or naive enough to think the state was going to take care of me forever. I was fortunate enough to have graduated from high school before I got the boot; some kids had to worry about finishing school in addition to being homeless. My father told me many times I couldn’t depend on anyone but myself, and I never realized how right he was before the day I was truly on my own. With my savings in hand and a promotion to stock-boy, I got my first place. It was the cheapest place I could find in a neighborhood without bars on the windows. It was small and dirty, but it was mine. There weren’t gunshots whizzing by my windows or the sounds of screaming every night, so I wasn’t about to look a gift horse in the mouth. My life hasn’t changed much in the past three years. I get up every morning, walk to the grocery store, clock in, work a ten hour shift, clock out, come home, mind my own business, and do it again the next day. I don’t have friends because they create lots of complications and drama. I spend my time at work smiling at the customers and doing my job. Co-workers ask me out from time to time, but the truth is I don’t have extra money to have a few beers with the guys or take a girl on a date. I’m always careful with my rejection. There’s no sense in hurting anyone’s feelings when it’s not necessary. Plus, it would lead to questions I’m not willing to answer. I’m sitting alone at my thrift store kitchen table, staring down at a day-old cookie. It’s my twenty-first birthday today. I don’t have any plans, and there are no cards in my mailbox. I’m having dessert for breakfast, a treat to myself, and I’m thankful for what little I have. It’s sad as hell, but I don’t have any candles so I light a match and jam it in the middle of the damn cookie. I don’t even make a wish before I blow out the tiny flame so it doesn’t burn down and ruin my treat. No sooner than the flame’s gone out, there’s a knock at my door. I look at my dollar store wall clock and see it’s only nine. I can’t imagine who would be at my door this early on a Saturday morning. Most of my neighbors sleep in after a late Friday night. Even though I’m twenty-one, I tend to think of myself as more mature than most people my age, so when I open the door and see a girl, petite and fragile in appearance, I automatically think she’s young. She may even be my age, maybe younger, but my experience makes me feel like I’m over thirty, so she seems like a girl to me. She’s standing there smiling as if she doesn’t have a care in the world, obviously not knowing people around here don’t smile. I peer at her through the ripped screen of my front door as the heat and humidity of the day filters in. â€Å"Hey, what’s up? I’m Emily. I just moved in next door.† How to cite Vacant Chapter 1 Alone, Essay examples

Identify And Discuss The Elements Of Romanticism As Given Expression I Essay Example For Students

Identify And Discuss The Elements Of Romanticism As Given Expression I Essay n John Keats poem Lamia and William Wordsworths excerpt from The Excursion. The term romanticism is used to describe the aesthetic movement during the period from about 1776-1834. It was a revolutionary movement because it focused on ideals which in stark contrast to the Classical movement, The Enlightenment, which preceded it. More importantly however is the fact that it reflected the social climate of the period which with the development of the French Revolution was in itself revolutionary. Rationalism, empiricism, materialism and mechanism were the central were the central philosophies of The Enlightenment and was therefore a period in literature that focused on the precision of the form and content of the piece rather than its inspiration (******). In contrast, Romanticism brought the attention back to the individual. The era of reason was replaced with a new passion for mystery and the supernatural, freedom of thought and expression, an idealisation and pantheistic belief in nature, and the affirmation of the creative (and divine) powers of the imagination. Truth could be arrived at through imagination and emotional faculties rather than reason.(Kitson, 1996). Romanticism can therefore be viewed as a reaction of emotion against reason, nature against artificiality, simplicity against complexity, faith against skepticism (lecture 10/3/00). Rene Wellek beautifully and succinctly describes the spirit of Romanticism in his assertion, Imagination for the view of poetry, nature for the view of the world, and the symbol and myth for poetic style (lectures, 2000). The catchcry for the period therefore shifted from I think therefore I am (Descartes) to I imagine therefore I am human. The value placed upon expression of these notions in the works of those such as John Keats and William Wordworth, effectively marked their poetic contributions as part of the voice of the Romantic movement.

IS THERE A CLASH BETWEEN MILLS PRINCIPLE OF UTILI Essays

IS THERE A CLASH BETWEEN MILL'S PRINCIPLE OF UTILITY AND HIS PRINCIPLE OF LIBERTY? In 2006, before a crucial vote in the UK Houses of Parliament that would enact legislation banning smoking in public areas, articles were written with arguments both for and against the ban, and cited on both sides was John Stuart Mill (Reeves: 2007). Whilst some quoted his harm principle and stressed the dangers of second-hand smoke, others drew upon his writings on utility, claiming that the pain of the smokers whose freedoms would be curtailed would far outweigh the happiness of the non-smokers (Reeves: 2007). In this example lies the fundamental paradox of Mill's ideology - ensuring the freedom of the individual, whilst at the same time preserving the happiness of the collective. When reviewed as an ideology, as well as when applied to practise, we are able to recognise fundamental clashes in ideas which makes his position on issues, particularly ones of our modern day, unclear. However, it is certainly interesting to note that Mill is not entirely blind to such clashes - however when they occur we see that fundamentally, he is primarily a libertarian, with utilitarianism as a secondary preoccupation. It is first important to establish Mill's own interpretation of liberal and utilitarian philosophy, and question whether such ideologies are, on the surface, inherently compatible. In On Liberty Mill's strong commitment to liberalism is identifiable, promoting individual sovereignty over matters of thought, feeling and expression (Mill: 2015). He asserts that society may only intervene in the actions of others if such actions harm, or pose a likely threat of harm to others - the maxims both of individual autonomy and social responsibility form what Mill titles the harm principle' (Mill: 2015). On this basis, Mill allows individuals to choose for themselves what to do with their own existence, whilst ensuring that others are entitled to their freedom from pain or danger. However Mill, who was brought up in an environment that heavily promoted utilitarianism, attempts to put forward a second value - in Utilitarianism, it is suggested that happiness is the only desirable ends of human e xistence, and that society has a responsibility to strive for the greatest possible happiness of its people (Reeves: 2007, Mill: 2015). There is a clear attempt to show that the principles can co-exist by asserting that liberty is indispensable in promoting the greatest happiness, but it must be considered that the nature of his ideas creates a conflict of interest (Burley: 2009). The major distinction between the basis' of liberty and utility is their commitment to individualism and collectivism, respectively. It is clear that in On Liberty Mill presents a significant affinity for individualism and eccentricity, claiming that diversion from custom is vital in preventing tyranny of the majority (Mill: 2015, Crisp: 1997). Contrastingly, in his discussion of utility, Mill appears to suggest that individual misery is acceptable if it justifies majority collective happiness. (Struhl: 2007). We are able to detect from this that there is a fundamental conflict between Mill's ideas - his d esire for liberty is ultimately curtailed by his desire for individuals to act in a way that would promote a progressive and harmonious society. Inconsistencies within the principles can be highlighted in instances where the suppression of minority views would lead to the greatest happiness. Mill is strongly committed to the freedom of expression and action, in keeping with the harm principle, as he believed constant challenge to supposed truths was fundamental to societal progression (Mill: 2015). However, if the suppression of such views and actions would lead to the greatest happiness in society, then it seems Mill would have to make a choice between the utility of society and the liberty of the individual. Berlin makes reference to periods in history where there was significant social demand for the burning of witches, which would of course bring the accused witches harm and thus should be subject to societal intervention in accordance with the harm principle (Berlin: 1969). However to do so society would have to neglect the greatest happiness, assuming that the demand for the burning was greater than the witches desire t o live. Similarly, it has been questioned whether, under the principles of utility, genocide

Auschwitz2 essays

Auschwitz2 essays Located thirty-seven miles west of Krakow, Auschwitz was the camp where Jewish people were killed and worked. This camp, out of all the rest tortured the most people. At the camp there was a place called the "Black Wall," this was where the people were executed. In March of 1941, there was another camp that started to be built. This second camp was called Auschwitz II, or Birkinau. It was located 1.9 miles away from Auschwitz I. People that were chosen to come to these camps were expelled from their homes. Their houses were destroyed for the purpose of building Birkinau. Birkinau had nine sub-units. Electrically charged fences that lined their borders separated them from each other. In August 1942, the women's section at Auscwitz I was moved to Birkinau. Nine hundred and ninety-nine women from Ravensbruck camp and other women from different camps joined them also. Birkinau now had over 6,000 women prisoners being held. In the town Monowitz, another camp was being built. This camp was called Auschwitz III, or Buna-Monowitz. Other camps that were located close to Monowitz were moved to Buna-Monowitz. The population of Bikinau was the most densely populated out of all the camps. It also had the most cruel and bad conditions of all the camps in the complex. The prisoners at Birkinau mostly consisted of Jews, Poles, and Germans. There were a number of Gipsy and Czech Jew family camps located at Birkinau for a period of time also. In Birkinau, the gas chambers and the crematoria, where the bodies were burned operated at Auschwitz I. Birkinau and all the other sub-camps were mostly forced labour camps. The most recognised of the labour camps are Budy, Czechowitz, Glenwitz, Rajsko, and Furstenarube. The prisoners here were worked to the Point of death. Trains transported people to the camps, and violently forced them off the train. All of the people's property was left on the train also. They prisoners ...

Health Care Continuum Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health Care Continuum - Assignment Example The concept is manifest in the application of life support machines for the extreme sick cases. Fayetteville, North Carolina has sufficient long-term care options including outsourcing of the health services. Additionally, the health centers in Fayetteville, North Carolina have acquired sophisticated medical equipment to cater for the long term health care services. The other option the region has is the offering of free guidance and counseling services because some terminal illnesses are caused by ignorance of the patients. The continuity health care services, which will be required in my community, include the provision of diagnostic equipment and proper prescription of drugs in order to promote prompt recuperation. Austine and Wetle’s claim that Mental Health Services are a Combination of Services is true because the delivery of medical services can never be unilateral. The health of a person is complex, thus it requires much attention from the medical practitioners. This initiative requires coordination of many health experts in various specializations. The recuperation of a patient results from concerted effort of more than one medical practitioner. In this regard, the continuum health care requires the service of many health care providers in order to achieve the goals and objectives of the health care sector. The integrated delivery systems ensure sound delivery of continuum health care. The continuum of healthcare ensures that there is integration of medical services in order to achieve efficiency and quality of the healthcare service. The headache of the integrated delivery system is the fragmented American health care system. According to Halloran, and Lowenstein (2010), there is a need for the integration of the health care in order to have a regulated health care system. In this regard, health care resources will be utilized for the welfare of the citizens. Additionally, the integration of the services will allow

Rape in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Rape in America - Essay Example This figure translates to an incidence rate of 64.8 victims of forcible rate for every 100,000 women and girls (FBI, 2003). The report also states that around 91 percent of these victims suffered rapes by force while 9 percent reported experiencing forcible rape attempts by another person. Although definitions of rape in every society, culture and nationality varies and considered very complex, the law provides basic situations or conditions for the commission of this crime. The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), established in the 1960s, defines rape as "forced sexual intercourse including both psychological coercion as well as physical force. Forced sexual intercourse means vaginal, anal, or oral penetration by the offender" (Kilpatrick, 2004). "The Federal Criminal Code of 1986 has a different definition of rape. It does not use the term rape per se but uses aggravated sexual abuse instead. According to this law, there are two types of aggravated sexual abuse. These are (1) aggravated sexual abuse by force or threat of force and (2) aggravated sexual abuse by other means". (Title 18, Chapter 109A, Sections 2241-2233). The first type involves the use of force or threat such as death, injury or detention to coerce a person into sexual activity. The second type includes rendering the victim unconscious through force or other means such as alcohol or drugs in order to engage into a sexual act (Title 18, Chapter 109A, Sections 2241-2233). The National Violence Against Women Survey (NVAWS) on the other hand clearly defined the nature and limits of rape in their assessment of U.S. adult women from 1995-1996. There were five instances or conditions in their questionnaire which can be considered as an act of rape. The first is the use of force or threat to victim or persons close to the victim in order to have sex which involves putting a penis in the victim's vagina. The second is the use of force or threat to victim or persons close to the victim to have oral sex. The third is the use of force or threat to victim or persons close to the victim to have anal sex. The third is the use of force or threat to victim or persons close to the victim to put the offender's finger inside the victim's vagina or anus. The last condition includes the above four acts but without actual penetration (Tjaden & Thoennes, 2000). In the social or psychological science, rape is defined as forcing sexual activity on a person who objects or withholds consent or, in other words, sexual activity devoid of consent and against the person's will. This paper aims to assess the applicability of the narcissistic theory in the commission of rape and the psychology of rapists. Narcissistic Theory The narcissistic theory was presented by several psychologists including S. Freud, C. Lasch, O. Kernberg and H. Kohut to name a few. Narcissism was based from the name of a Greek mythology character called Narcissus who fell in love with his own reflection on the water's surface. Narcissism, simply put, is used to refer to self-love or self-admiration (John & Robins, 1994; Rhodewalt et al., 1998; Morf & Rhodewalt, 1993). Freud's adaptation of the term found healthy and pathologic applications of narcissism in his psychodynamic theories while Kohut defines it as a mental illness caused by a defective upbringing resulting to excessive love of oneself and disregard for other persons. Lasch

Mahatma Ghandi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mahatma Ghandi - Essay Example He was also of the opinion that violence would have the effect of leaving behind a trial of bitterness and hatred that would make attempts at achieving a genuine reconciliation almost impossible. Gandhi’s campaigns against non-violence in both India and South Africa had an enormous influence as they led to the development and diffusion of nonviolent campaign skills and insights. In most societies today nonviolent action has largely become the preferred approach. Nonviolent campaigns have the advantage of their being largely spontaneous and organized without much planning, preparation and training. Considering the large amounts of efforts and money that go into planning armed operations, it is highly likely that non violent action will continue to become more effective in future. However, there are some criticisms targeted at the premise of non-violence, some of the probably reservations and objections that a skeptic might voice and the probable approach that Gandhian might use to answer these objections include; In answering this claim, a Gandhian might point out that this statement is essentially not true as history is rife with examples of just how non-violence has been used to successfully obtain victory against oppressive systems backed by violence. An example of this is that in India, Gandhi was able to successfully build up a non-violent movement against the oppressive British colonials. The non-violent movement engaged in peaceful protests that included noncooperation, exemplary hunger strikes, economic boycotts and rampant acts of disobedience that had the effect of causing the oppressive British imperialism to become unworkable. Other examples of the successes of non violence are demonstrated by Lannstrom (10) who points out that Martin Luther used non-violence in achieving civil rights for black

The Gladiator

The Gladiator An essay on The Gladiator based on Sobchacks conceptualisation of genre movies and Singers notions of melodrama specifically about moral polarization. Ridley Scotts The Gladiator (2000) is about, Maximus (Russell Crowe) a respected honourable general, loyal to both his emperor and Rome. He leads his troops into battle, and emerges victorious from all of them. The one battle he is unable to win is that he is unable to save his family from being condemned by the new emperor of Rome, Commodus (Joachim Phoenix). Maximus goes through numerous gladiator battles and finally comes back to Rome to take revenge on Commodus. Maximus eventually gets a chance at revenge for his family, when he is put against Commodus in the ring. After a long struggle, he succeeds in killing Commodus, and restores the power of the Roman senate. This Hollywood movie is a good example of a sensational melodrama and, as such, it illustrates many of Singers notions of melodrama. This film is also a good example of an adventure film or swashbuckler and as such illustrates well Sobchacks conceptualisation of genre movies. According to Singer, melodrama â€Å"as it generally is used today refers to a set of subgenres that remain close to the heart and hearth and emphasize a register of heightened emotionalism and sentimentality† (page127). In other words, Singer defines melodrama several main concepts: excess, situation, moral polarization, non-classical narrative structure, pathos and finally sensationalism. Excess is the element perhaps most often associated with melodrama; according to Singer, its a certain â€Å"overwrought† or â€Å"exaggerated† quality. But also portrays emotional excess in the villains expressions of hatred, envy, jealousy, spite, or malice. For example, Maximus symbolizes all admirable qualities, and has a heart of gold. He is, however, opposed by the jealousy, obsessive and power-hungry Commodus who abuses his position of authority, as Caesar. This being said the viewers sympathy goes towards Maximus. On the other hand we feel distant from the emperor Commodus since we feel anger and hatred towards him. Melodrama also activates various kinds of excess in the spectators visceral responses. A good Hollywood melodrama is one that makes you cry, or one that arouses strong sentiment, particularly powerful feelings. Situation is another concept which merits consideration as a core feature of melodrama. Situation is a rather difficult to narrow down, but it could be defined as† a striking and exciting incident that momentarily arrests narrative action while the characters encounter a powerful new circumstance and the audience relishes the heightened dramatic tension†.(p128) In other words we are presented with a situation often entails a starting reversal or twist of events that creates a dramatic impasse, a momentary paralysis stemming from a deadlock. Situation involves a considerable amount of suspense: Suspense about how the deadlock will be broken. Illustrations of such suspense can be either about; how the hero will win a fight or how the â€Å"good guy† will escape from captivity. An example of a deadlock in the movie is noticed when Maximus had just killed Commodus and then just stands alone dreaming of opening the gates of heaven without any noise being heard. The dead lock is later on broken when Quintus had repeated Maximuss name twice, in order to get him out of his dreams and Maximus replies with â€Å"release my men†. What brings most viewers to watch movies like â€Å"The Gladiator† is one of its themes of hero vs. villain or â€Å"good guy† vs. â€Å"bad guy â€Å", which according to Singer is called moral polarization. This aspect of melodrama, where the formula of good vs. evil is used, expresses a realistic effect on the viewer. Maximus is a character to be that of a â€Å"common man,† one who had the virtues of wisdom, justice, fortitude and temperance. But on the other side we have Commodus a man full of hatred because of his fathers choice of the next ruler. He has no merci and will kill all those who come in his path to glory. People enjoy watching and experiencing the, thrill, adventures, violence, love, gore etc†¦ of the constant action and suspense that plays throughout the movie. This is called Sensationalism. It is used by making ordinary people live through extraordinary things (played out by actors). This causes the viewers personal emotions to awaken w ith intense feelings of pathos.. A situation in the movie when we see how good vs. evil always finish is when the camera is on Maximuss face as he tells Quintus â€Å"release my men†, this phrase shows that that the evil is being killed and the good is being released and by doing this Rome could now flourish. According to Sobchack, genre film is a film which belongs to a particular group of films that are extremely similar in their subject matter. The Gladiator is defined to be a melodrama which according to Sobchak, â€Å"even though we know that the protagonist will triumph in the end or that a satisfactory solution will be found to the central conflict, we also know that the dangers which threaten the protagonist are life-and-death matters.† (192)Sobchack defines genre film in terms of the concepts of formula and iconography. Formula is when â€Å"The basic conflict of the story is familiar, and we know from past viewing experiences none or less how the story will be resolved†. In other words, the â€Å"usual† happenings of a plot, like the conflict between good and evil, always end ups by having the good triumph. Most of the time, the hero is given some sort of power. With which he is designated to take on the mission of saving the society and bring back peace. In the movie the power which best suits Maximus is the loyalty which Maximus has. This loyalty appears many times throughout the movie and becomes evident, since each of his fellow gladiators, as well as his masters, is willing to die for him. Iconography refers to â€Å"certain costumes, objects, landscapes and performers to signify by their presence elements of plot yet to come† This means that when a viewer sees those icons, they immediately associate a theme or plot direction for the narrative. Colors, lights and costumes were frequently used. We see a clear usage of light in â€Å"the Gladiator† when towards the end; the light is directly aimed at Maximus and Commodus while all the other characters are in the dark, making these two main characters the â€Å"premier plan† of the movie. For the color, we see Commodus dressed all in white in order to represent himself as being pure good and the rightful emperor that Rome needs to control everything, At the very end of the movie, before the final battle, we see Maximus a slave in white, and who is differently dressed compared to the other slave, whom they on the other hand are dressed in dark colour to keep them separated from this specific slave. The kinds of shots were very present carefully done throughout the movie. The shots are here to make the viewers feel either they are the character or the people around the main character. For example, after the war with the German tribe, Maximus converses with Marcus Aurelius, the camera is focused on Marcus, which in turn makes us feel like we are Maximus himself. Through these camera shots we are able to feel these emotions, of being confused and not really comfortable with the offer. The theatrical genre of melodrama uses theme-music to control the spectators emotional response and to represent character types. In other words, the suspense music is used throughout the film in order to heighten the tension of the film and to keep the viewers at the edge of their seats. A movie soundtrack is used to praise the story being told on the screen In fact, Gladiator in essence had very little to do with gladiators. It dealt with the tragic changing of power, deceit, and old alliances. Bringing up a so called SWASHBUCKLER as would Sobchack say. Who struggles against decadence in the Roman society and his efforts to give Rome back to the people while at the same time revenging his murdered family. Movies like â€Å"The Gladiator† are usually The Gladiator portrayed an adventure, being filled with blood, action and getaways with suspenseful plots. This movie primarily focuses on leadership, drama and politics. Its a tale of betrayal, bravery and survival. As said earlier Maximus is trying to get back to Rome to get his freedom and revenge on Marcus Aurelius. This relates to Singers notion of melodrama because the movie is able to accomplish some sort of relationship with a vast audience and have many people relate and sympathize with Maximus. Singer mentions that melodrama is a distorted view on reality, where impossible situations occur constantly one after the other but with the realist effect.Excess is present during the battles of Maximus and Tigris of Graul. In this scene we are drawn into the action completely as if we were observers in the Coliseum itself. The constant roar of the crowds and their urging for death capture your ears and keep the adrenaline rushing; you become a Roman and are cheering for death yours elf. Every clash of swords, every bang of metal on metal, and every cut, slash, puncture, punch and kick are all felt by the devastating realism of sound and camera angles. An awesome aspect of this scene is the fading in and out of the crowd while the fight surges. A favorite of mine, which caught my full attention, was the chains of the tigers running through the rings, symbolizing danger, as they were the only distinct sounds. The music draws you into the scene with its constant growth of intensity besides music, we see exaggeration in how the villain Commodus is very jealous of Maximus. Throughout the movie all battles in which Maximus takes place, bring up the notion of sensationalism since the viewers are excited to watch Maximus fight and triumph over his enemies. Finally, when Commodus is killed, there is a moment of suspense where everyone is wondering what will happen next this is a deadlock coming from the notion of situation Now looking at the movie from Sobchaks point o f view, we could see a presence of a melodrama genre. Since the hero, is going through obstacles which he cant always find himself victorious. These obstacles are gladiator battles which put Maximus life in danger, but also death situations through time. The formula used in this movie is that the viewers know from the very beginning of the movie that Maximus will be able to overcome everything and anything which stands in his path to revenge. Sobchaks formal aspects, as defined earlier, are the colors, lights and costumes. A good scene, where the presence of all these aspects are found is when, Maximus is tied up and gazing upwards towards the heavens. This shows us that he has finally reached his goal and destination, which is to avenge his family and join them in the afterlife. Gracchus then comments, â€Å"who will help me carry him†, and many people step forward and an almost royal procession is made as he is carried out the arena. Commodus can be seen in the corner of th e aerial shot in his robes ignored and forgotten. This again symbolizes that the evil has gone and the good prevails. Singer and Sobchack both offer conceptualization of genre melodrama. Both accounts are relevant for the movie The Gladiator. This Ridley Scotts realization brings out the deep thought about greatness, principle, life and death through a great story about a simple but encompassing idea of a good vision, a vision of freedom: the general who became a slave, the slave who became a gladiator, and the gladiator who defied the emperor. The story shows us what greatness means. That greatness is being true to your word, being truthful to yourself and doing a noble and generous deed. It is not about being rich or being poor nor being a king or slave it is something in the character of the individual. No matter who or what he is. Maximus proves his worth as being a good man by being true to his promise to King Marcus Aurelious. The idea also shows us about freedom. That it can be won by staying together for a good cause and having true friends. Working together for a vision to attain a goal de spite dangers. Greatness is an act that teaches men wisdom, wisdom to have strength and honor to the extent of risking ones life. Maximus adventures appear to be in everyones everyday life. People might not be fighting in the same way; but at the end of the day, people always find themselves in their own battles throughout their lives which they must overcome in order to succeed.

Comparing the Role of the Narrator in Melville’s Benito Cereno, Henry James’ Daisy Miller and Hwang :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Comparing the Role of the Narrator in Melville’s Benito Cereno, Henry James’ Daisy Miller and Hwang’s M. Butterfly Written stories differ in numerous ways, but most of them have one thing in common; they all have a narrator that, on either rare occasions or more regularly, help to tell the story. Sometimes, the narrator is a vital part of the story since without him or her, it would not be possible to tell the story in the same way, and sometimes, the narrator has a very small role in the story. However, he or she is always there, and to compare how different authors use, and do not use, this outside perspective writing tool, a comparison between Herman Melville’s Benito Cereno, Henry James’ Daisy Miller, and David Henry Hwang’s M. Butterfly will be done. One of the basic functions of the narrator is to describe the actions that occur from an outside perspective. Since almost no characters will describe the basic actions, i.e. how people are moving, in the plot, it is necessary to use the narrator as help in this issue. All three works that are compared in this essay, Daisy Miller, Benito Cereno and M. Butterfly, use this technique quite often and in very similar ways. First of all, we have James who never writes any words without explicit meaning to the story. As a result, the narrator’s descriptions of simple actions are often short and concise; â€Å"Daisy looked at him for a moment† (James 108). However, since M. Butterfly is originally written to be performed and not read, Hwang uses the narrator to describe the stage for the reader. Therefore, most of the narrator’s comments are related to how the characters move on stage, and how the stage itself looks like; â€Å"They start to walk about the stage. It is a summer night on the Beijing streets. Sounds of the city play on the house speakers† (Hwang 21). Melville, on the other hand, uses the narrator for more detailed purposes. He often adds specific details to the descriptions; small hints of what is still to come in the storyline. A good example of this is when he describes how the two captains in the story are standing on the deck: â€Å"While most part of the story was being given, the two captains stood on the after part of the main deck, a privileged spot, no one being near but the servant† (Melville 45).

Numerous poems Essay

Numerous poems tackle the theme of loneliness using invented or any of the variety of available poetic forms. Most often, the feeling is expressed through either a single and extended metaphor or through a number of interconnected imageries with the purpose of creating a tight and unified construction that would arouse the reader’s empathy towards the poem’s meaning. In poems like these, the focus is the metaphors used to put the theme across. The form is also important, but secondary to content. However, for other poets meaning can be conveyed equally by both content and form. For e. e. cumming, the form can even dictate the metaphor. His post-modernist poem â€Å"leaf falls on loneliness† illustrates how structure can be used to communicate the meaning of a poem even more that its metaphor, thus evoking varied and more vast experiences with the reading. The nine-line poem consists of one to five letters per line. Seven lines are made up of two letters each, one line has three letters, while the longest final line has five. The entire poem spells out the word â€Å"loneliness†. The word is interrupted, however, by a phrase written inside a parenthesis: â€Å"a leaf falls†. The interruption occurs after the first letter, cutting off the letter â€Å"l† from the rest of the word. The irregularity in the grouping of letters is not arbitrary. The form of the poem obviously seeks to approximate the fall of a leaf. One could imagine the leaf as it sways from side to side, then twirls in space looking like a narrow spinning band, until it eventually rests flat on the ground during the poem’s longest final line. The visual fall makes the reader understand the poem’s metaphor: loneliness, like a falling leaf, is a sinking feeling. The image of a falling leaf is a cliche but e. e. cummings makes his poem different not only by employing a unique structure scheme but also by putting both the metaphorical image and the theme stated plainly together in the poem. A greeting card or an amateur exposition would attempt to define the word â€Å"loneliness†. An inferior poet would only focus on the â€Å"falling leaf† metaphor and wax poetic about the possible meanings behind the image. Cummings put both together and in the process does not only call the reader’s attention to the connection of the words with the image but, because of the placement of the letters, raises other points of discussion. For instance, the detachment of the letter â€Å"l† from the word â€Å"loneliness† only means that to be lonely means to be detached from the rest of humanity as much as a falling leaf gets detached from the rest of the leaves in a branch. This is further emphasized with the parenthesis, another symbol of breaking-off one part from the whole where it came from. Still another interpretation for the interruption may be that the feeling of loneliness occurs when one’s life is interrupted by the sight of a falling leaf, which is a metaphor for many sad things in life. Also, the letter â€Å"l† in the first line, which reappears on the eighth line, may also be read as the number one, a solitary figure. A lonely person feels alone. Finally, the poem’s form and metaphors bring upon the reader’s mind other images of loneliness. The metaphor of the falling leaf recalls autumn with its falling leaves, people at the brink of death or snow on a bleak winter’s night falling on a desolate landscape. All these pictures are used in many poems expounding on the same theme and all these associations will be awakened within the reader because while the poem is sparse, it has the ability to involve the reader to deep thought. Meanwhile, the slimness of the poem evokes the briefness of life. At the same time, it could mean the fluid downward movement of life, after one has passed the prime of life, the individual slows down to old age until he dies, and nothing would remain eventually. At first glance, the disinterested reader may think that e. e. cummings has employed gimmickry with â€Å"leaf falls on loneliness. † Closer inspection and repeated readings would prove, however, that unlike most poems whose beauty rests on the metaphors used in the lines, the form of a poem can also be exploited to be the metaphor itself. It can elicit so many associations, making the reading more profound as when one tries to make meanings out of words in another poem. Cumming’s poem is a great example of how form can also dictate the beauty of a poem.

The Moral Dilemma of Euthanasia essays

The Moral Dilemma of Euthanasia essays Every day we face countless choices that involve doing the right thing; however, the right thing to do isn't always the easiest thing to do. Each of these choices involves thousands of messages whirling inside our brain. In a split second our minds review the facts, explore our feelings, study consequences, compare the options against our beliefs and priorities, consider what others may think, and give the cue for action. Decisions happen so quickly but the consequences can last a lifetime and may affect others. That's why careful consideration is vital, but sometimes we do not have the time to consider the answers. A code of ethics/morals can help in determining right from wrong under these circumstances. They can determine the direction our lives will take as a result of such decisions, as my life was swept up in this moral/ethical dilemma. I made a choice as a young girl and the daughter of my mother, to take care of my mother when my father left, moreover because of my sense o f duty, than of my sense of moral or ethics as at this point I am not sure I had a code of ethics, but I have found out since that I had a strong code of ethics. I this choice never imagining it would be an obligation that would last for over 3 decades, a choice of insurmountable proportion, I made this choice when I was only responsible my myself, not realizing one day I would have a family. A choice which led me to the biggest moralethical decision that would ever effect my life and the life of my family. In the end I wanted to be as moral and as responsible for my decisions not only for myself, but also my children, I wanted to be a good strong moral example which would impact their lives as much as mine had been my children so if ever faced with a similar dilemma their choices would be just as morally right as mine. My dilemma in the end was whether or not to euthanize my mother. After 12 years of catholic school I was taught to believe in God...

Free Essays on The End Of History

In this paper I will compare two separate thoughts on the new look that International Relations is going to take in the future. Actually these changes have already started to take place; in â€Å"The End of History† Francis Fukuyama believes that international conflict will occur through religion and nationalism. In â€Å"The Clash of Civilizations† Samuel Huntington states that these changes will happen at the civilization level. Both theories are valid and describe each in their own way, the changes in how the world operates with international conflicts. Basically since the end of the Cold War there has been a general movement towards peace. Francis Fukuyama believes this procession towards peace is leading to the end of cultural differences. The spread of Western consumerism (free trade) has stretched nearly everywhere in the world. The end of the Cold War also brought the infiltration of Western liberal democracy. Even if a country remains non-democratic there are still hints of Western consumerism throughout. Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel first coined the term â€Å"the end of history†. Hegel stated that â€Å"mankind has progressed through a series if primitive stages of consciousness on his path to the present, and that these stages corresponded to concrete forms of social organization, such as tribal, slave owning, theocratic, and finally democratic egalitarian societies (Fukuyama, 1989).† This is the modern understanding of man. Hegel, unlike later historians, believed that history would conclude in an absolute moment. After this moment a rational form of society is formed. Hegel’s theories have gained him recognition as the philosopher who most accurately speaks of our time. This happened around the time of the French Revolution and is the key turning point in â€Å"the end of history†. Hegel said that the end of history would occur in 1806, with the fall of Napoleon’s empire to the Prussian Monarchy. His ideas spu... Free Essays on The End Of History Free Essays on The End Of History In this paper I will compare two separate thoughts on the new look that International Relations is going to take in the future. Actually these changes have already started to take place; in â€Å"The End of History† Francis Fukuyama believes that international conflict will occur through religion and nationalism. In â€Å"The Clash of Civilizations† Samuel Huntington states that these changes will happen at the civilization level. Both theories are valid and describe each in their own way, the changes in how the world operates with international conflicts. Basically since the end of the Cold War there has been a general movement towards peace. Francis Fukuyama believes this procession towards peace is leading to the end of cultural differences. The spread of Western consumerism (free trade) has stretched nearly everywhere in the world. The end of the Cold War also brought the infiltration of Western liberal democracy. Even if a country remains non-democratic there are still hints of Western consumerism throughout. Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel first coined the term â€Å"the end of history†. Hegel stated that â€Å"mankind has progressed through a series if primitive stages of consciousness on his path to the present, and that these stages corresponded to concrete forms of social organization, such as tribal, slave owning, theocratic, and finally democratic egalitarian societies (Fukuyama, 1989).† This is the modern understanding of man. Hegel, unlike later historians, believed that history would conclude in an absolute moment. After this moment a rational form of society is formed. Hegel’s theories have gained him recognition as the philosopher who most accurately speaks of our time. This happened around the time of the French Revolution and is the key turning point in â€Å"the end of history†. Hegel said that the end of history would occur in 1806, with the fall of Napoleon’s empire to the Prussian Monarchy. His ideas spu...

Benzene,Lead Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Benzene,Lead - Research Paper Example Following this, health sector has established the need of documenting standards that monitoring medical program as follows. OSHA documentation highlights two fundamental factors that are crucial in optimizing employee health, which are medical surveillance and medical screening (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention 1). The fundamental aim of medical screening is to assess early diagnosis of employees exposed to the chemical and additional medical surveillance for those exposed above 30 ug/m (3) TWA) over one month period. The document outlined clinical manifestations for employees exposed to the chemical including biological examination, details of the medical history, and crucial precautions for interpreting laboratory tests. The standard demands that mployer to inform all employees on the potential health effects of Benzene. Biomarkers are classified into three sections, exposure, susceptibility, and effect (Sakai 128). Urinary metabolites have been outline as a short-term biomarker for benzene exposure. It is commonly used to access the exposure of those affected and not. It estimates the relation of the environmental concentration and benzene exposure. For a continuous examination, there are various direct reading instruments commonly known as real-time instruments that aid in sampling thus, augmenting rapid decision making. The obtained data can be used to comprehend the existing safety programs that assure protection to the exposure. One of the direct reading instruments commonly used is Photoionization detector that ensures that the environmental air concentration being sampled is free from pollution (Sakai 132). The TWA sampling method as per OSHA standard is that, there should be accurate analysis of the sampling methods. The OSHA documentation obligates the importance of including chemical sampling information of a given chemical to offer

Rite of Passage in the Western Culture Research Paper

Rite of Passage in the Western Culture - Research Paper Example At every important point of a person’s life, a rite of passage helps in the transition from one phase to another. The concept of rite of passage has appealed to many sociologist and anthropologists such as Arnold van Gennep who formed the term rite of passage and gave the different ceremonies practised in different religions and societies, a common word. Gennep further categorized the three phases in three phases, namely separation, transition and incorporation. Gennep through studying the different ceremonies in different religions and societies had been able to find a common ground in all these ceremonies by studying the underlying concept in these rites of passage. Rite of passage in different races, religions and societies differ but they usually celebrate the same events in an individual’s life but in different ways. Similarly, the rite of passage of the west differs from that of the east and the rite of passage of Christianity differs from that of Islam. In this paper, we attempt to analyze the concept behind the rite of passage and the western ways of conducting rites of passage. Rite of passage can be likened to Shakespeare’s ‘Seven ages of man’, where a man changes drastically from one stage of another. From the time an individual is born to the time when he is buried, the rite of passage helps him in a smooth movement from one transition to another. According to Victor Turner, rites of passage can be divided into two broad categories, those that ‘accompany the passage of a person from one social status to another and (those that) mark recognized points in the passage of time, such as new year, new moon, Passover and so forth’ (Klingbeil, 2007). Thus rites of passage are both religious and social. Religious rite of passage includes the rituals that are carried forward from endless times and differ in each religion to a certain extent. One can find similarities between the  religious rites of passage of different religions in the way that they celebrate the same events.  

Research design paper Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Design paper - Research Proposal Example United States ranks near the bottom in terms of low voter turnout2. This research seeks to institute whether campaigns, voter mobilization, voter education and voting practices and barriers affect voter turnout in presidential elections in the United States of America. The research also seeks to explain how the aforementioned variables affect voter turnout levels. Previous studies have provided some information as to why some registered citizens resolve to vote while others do not. However, such research has not explained sufficiently whether voter mobilization, voter education and voting practices and barriers affect voter turnout in presidential elections in the United States of America, and how these variables determine voter turnout levels in presidential elections. This study adopts the use of secondary sources to test hypotheses. Voter turnout in every subsequent US presidential election has been higher than the previous turnout. Finding reliable inferences pertaining to the re search question will be crucial in predicting how various factors may affect future elections. Voter outcome speculators will also be able to make their predictions with greater degrees of precision. Future researchers may use the information acquired by this study in their surveys. The findings of this study are vital because electoral bodies may also use the inferences to implement changes that will ensure high voter turnout levels in future. The key terms in this study include voter turn out and voter mobilization. Voter turnout is the absolute of people who vote in the election, mostly measured in percentage3. Voter mobilization is influencing voters to pay attention to campaigns and vote in favour of a certain party. Literature Review Voter turn out in presidential elections is determined by several factors. Eligibility formalities and campaign stimuli are some of the determinants of voter turn out. Also, stiff competition increases the chances of most of the eligible and regis tered voters to vote. The United States of America prevents many or most of the convicted offenders from voting4. Such suppressed votes may have made a substantial difference in U.S national and local electoral outcomes. There are also pitfalls over the rights of immigrants to the ballot. Most studies have taken eligibility rules as a given4. Voting participation can be determined by socioeconomic factors such as income and education. Voting registration and turnout can also be affected by the amount of campaign stimuli in the context of political mobilization5. According to Dycke-Norris, the two most important factors that affect voting are the presidential candidate and the nature of the times6. Other factors that affect voter turnout include formalities for the inclusion in the electoral registers6. However, it is important to note that the more the people are registered to vote, the larger the number of those who are likely not to vote. Consequently, this may reduce the voter tu rnout levels in an election. Competitiveness between races may lead to a high vote turnout, especially when candidates come from either of these races. Voter education also affects the level of voter turnout. For instance, it was noted that education levels of voters determined whether they turned to vote in a presidential elec

Case Study Analysis on an Organisation Essay Example for Free

Case Study Analysis on an Organisation Essay Organisational change is something that occurs throughout an organisation’s life cycle and effects the entire organisation rather than one part of it. Employing a new person is one example. Change is increasing due to a number of forces including globalisation led by rapidly advancing technologies, cultural diversity, environmental resources and the economy; therefore the ability to recognise the need for change as well as implement change strategies effectively, in a proactive response to internal and external pressures is essential to organisational performance. Internal changes can include organisational structure, process and HR requirements and external changes involve government legislation, competitor movements and customer demand (Wood et al, 2010). Change does not need to be a painful process, as it may seem when observing the amount of failed change management initiatives with reports as low as 10% of researched success rates (Oakland Tanner, 2007), when successful change management strategies are utilised and planned, including effective communication strategies, operational alignment, readiness to change and implementation, which all lower and overcome resistance (Wood et al, 2010). There is a great amount of literature on the negative aspects and difficult management with employees resisting change, however Wood et al (2010) challenge this notion by questioning the change management process as people do not resist change itself but aspects of the change that affects them personally such as fear of the unknown, status, remuneration and comfort. Resistance to these changes is a healthy reaction and can be managed effectively in the beginning by ensuring communication and using one of the change initiatives described here. Background Information Truelocal is based in Sydney, with small sales branches in Brisbane and Melbourne. It employs over 150 staff, an increase of approximately 50% over the past two years. It was founded in 2005 by NDM as part of an expanding operation of online websites to provide across the board consumer services, including news and magazine websites; online sport and weather information; and shopping comparison search engine, web-based recruitment, and travel search engine solutions [http://www. ewsdigitalmedia. com. au, accessed 25/08/2010]. As the world shifted into what is often referred to as the ‘digital info age’, consumer demand for online media as a way to source information significantly increased and demand for printed media decreased putting pressure on newspaper companies to expand to producing news and information online in digital format. This included News Corporation which decreased its newspaper operations and increased its digital expansion. As an employee at Truelocal for over six years, I have acquired this information presented here through interviews with management, company information and my own observations internally within the organisation’s sales department working in the roles of sales executive, account manager and senior retention account manager. The Need for Change – Management Structure Truelocal needed to align its culture, values and structure with the parent company in order to meet strategic growth goals not long after it was founded. Wood et al (2010) describe the work of an author, Noel Tichey on managing strategic change. Experts use three fundamental sets of change in their approach; technical design, political allocation and culture/ideological mix problems. It is one of these problems that become a pressing issue at any one time of which then initiates the change. In Truelocal’s case there were a number of changes evolving and at this time it was culture problems. NDM has been growing in size since its establishment in 2006 with a number of acquired website operations, each operating as a separate business unit with the support of HR, Finance, IT, Commercial Operations and other support services provided by the parent company (NDM). A decision was made to align the organisation in terms of operations, culture and strategy so it could concentrate on innovation and performance to achieve its goal of becoming the number one provider of online information in Australia. As a result NDM redesigned its organisational structure as Truelocal and most of the other business units merged together in one location. Not long after this relocation, Truelocal began flattening out the company structure lead by a new management team and CEO. It has since been under constant change to achieve it’s goal to continue growth (both in number of staff and performance) and excel as a high performing and innovative company with an agenda of being the second largest online directory service in Australia after it’s competitor Sensis (Yellow pages online). Wood et al (2010) explain the performance gap is a desire to move from one less desired state to another. This can be seen by the increased performance after the change occurred and culture change was implemented. What changed Fundamental changes that occurred were a shift from the existing vertical, bureaucratic structure to a horizontal structure and change in specialist functioning of divisions creating a professional, corporate environmental culture that was customer focused. The existing culture was a casual attitude towards dress requirements, starting and finishing times, breaks, informal communication expression and channels and many staff were employed as friends of existing staff rather than based on competency and job skills. Some managers had their partners working for them and a few were family members. There didn’t appear to be any dress code and people came and left work at varying times. Additionally management employed more skilled staff, retrained existing staff and created processes of which procedures were then put in place. One of the ways these objectives were achieved was by the reduction of management layers resulting in more direct reporting. Wood et al (2010) explain as organisational size increases, the more interconnections and less direct communication between people takes place (Wood et al, 2010). Change Process When management at Truelocal uplifted existing management and reporting structures, staffs were initially left without direction, reporting channels, processes and goals were not clearly communicated causing a lot of uncertainty. Consequently many staff resigned as they felt upset and confused about what was happening. Truelocal however, retained some of the more experienced staff with new career development propositions and new managers were encouraging and open about future improvements that were to take place within the organisation. One of the ways Truelocal could have managed this change is by using the Freeze/Unfreeze concept; Wood et al (2010) explains Kurt Lewin, a famous organisational Psychologist’s three-force phase, which is needed for any organisation to be motivated to bring about the change of which are; 1) Unfreezing focuses on preparing people for change. This is a critical part of the change phase prior to implementation by analysing and influencing resistance and need to change. A common tool that is used at this stage is called Force Field Analysis, this measures these forces. ) Changing of people; tasks; structure; technology. Ideally the organisation will be completely unfrozen, ready for change and its goals made clear. It is recommended that staff are not perceived to have a sense of high or low security at this stage in order to avoid resistance. 3) Refreezing is the evaluation and reinforcement of the changes that took place. The new managers were recruited by Truelocal for their exp erience in organisational transformation within the type of professional, high performing, corporate environment the organisation desired and who worked at their competitor company. These managers were expected to manage the entire change process themselves. Change agents are people or groups who take responsibility for the change of behaviours and existing patterns in a supportive manner (Wood et al, 2010). The perceived risks however, are the responsibility of the organisation’s leader who decides on the direction of the change (Oakland Tanner, 2007). Planned changes that took place were; Structure – change in organisational design by reporting systems, operational processes and size of teams, while roles were redefined by definition, job title and remuneration. Tasks – Most jobs were redesigned including more responsibility for staff in management roles and multi functional tasks for other staff. One of these job designs is called job enrichment, which is the increase and deepening of motivating factors built into a job (Wood et al, 2010). Some of these enrichments used by new management were increased responsibility and accountability, less control and more freedom in the job and more recognition. People – improvement of recruitment and selection process by advertising formal job vacancies on the organization’s intranet and incentives for staff to nominate candidates who were then formally interviewed by a number of managers. Additionally training sessions for new staff, coaching and certification courses were made available. Carless (2005) describes her research on the compatibility of job-person-organisation-environment fit. She believes a person must assess their attributes and personality with the job and organisational characteristics, which is likely to improve job satisfaction and adjustment to the environment. Culture – organisational values and beliefs were communicated from the parent company of which staff was rewarded when their behaviour displayed these values. Recognition was given in addition at meetings and performance appraisals. This is the observable culture, however as Wood et al (2010) explain, shared meanings and stories are other powerful aspects of culture and this can be observed at Truelocal by the high turnover of staff by both stories and norms that communicate the need to work hard to perform in the job or leave. Cultural symbols include trophies for ‘employee of the month’ awarded to the highest performer. These symbols serve to transmit cultural meaning (Wood et al, 2010). In the sales department a large subculture can be observed. Wood et al (2010) explain strong subcultures are often found in high performance task forces where people share similar values and backgrounds. This subculture included men between the ages of 22-30 yrs that have no formal education, drink alcohol excessively, and are passionate about technology, highly materialistic and view women as sex objects, which can often be observed by their language and behaviour. Moreover this culture is likely to be influenced by the national culture of which the organisation is embedded (Wood et al, 2010). In fact this subculture existed in the old culture before the restructure of which the company held ‘diversity training’ focused on discrimination and fairness within the workplace resulting in terminations. According to The Economist (2008), in the economic downturn companies need ‘Generation Y’ as hungry 25-35 year olds without commitment, for marketing and product innovation with emerging technologies, able to put in the time and energy to help them deal with recession hazards, especially in sales. Strategy – operations and planning were clarified at monthly and quarterly meetings including product changes. These were addressed by department managers regularly and CEO meetings irregularly, to engage staff. Wood et al (2010) explain leadership has changed from the traditional trait and behaviour approaches to transformational, charismatic, visionary focus and is separate from management. The leadership team at Truelocal formally includes the CEO and parent company (NDM) leaders. Their leadership function can be observed by their language and behaviours they use a transformational and visionary change approach. Objectives – specific performance targets were set allowing staff to earn a higher commission by overachieving set targets, recognition and prizes to increase motivation consistently. Purpose – both the CEO and the parent company made organisational goals clearly communicated vision and clarified progress regularly. Recognition was given for the contribution of each department and each business unit to the overall success of the organisation. These changes were managed by senior staff using a combination of change strategy approaches as explained by Wood et al (2010) that include a forced approach of top down command, one way communication, coercive reward and punishment approach, rationalisation approach and shared decision making, empowered approach. Of these approaches no single approach was concluded best by researchers on organisational change and it is advised that more commonly a combination will occur, however guidelines are offered to change agents and managers (Wood et al, 2010); consider use of expert consultants communicate the need for change feedback from employees avoid changing for the sake of change study organisational change and structures From this perspective Truelocal management took the right approach by varying the way they managed the change. Change Results The facilitation of clearer and faster communication channels enabled staff to work more efficiently and get things done faster, along wit h improved technology. Further benefits of this structure were people collaborating in teams, using initiative and increased spontaneous communication while rules, procedures and close supervision were reduced as described in (Tushman, Anderson O’Reilly, 1997). Wood et al (2010) describe the matrix structure is common in large organisations wanting to improve customer responsiveness. Truelocal’s reporting structure utilised this organisational design as part of the change, for example the finance manager reports to the CEO of Truelocal and to the Commercial Director of NDM, however Wood et al (2010) note each organisation’s structure is unique and there is no single observed design. This change is described by Wood et al (2010) as radical. Radical changes are fundamental reorientations and transformational, often initiated by the arrival of a new CEO. Culture Performance Change Since the change occurred, Truelocal’s sales department recorded a growth rate of 15% per full time employee (FTE). Some strategies used were; Performance appraisal review (PAR) – staff are asked to grade themselves on their performance and their use of company values of which are discussed by their managers. For example one of the values is ‘Impact’ and an employee is asked how much impact they contributed to the organisation since the last performance review and they are required to give examples of this behaviour. These PARs are held quarterly and annually. Reward and remuneration – staff are given targets according to their job level and experience with incentives to over achieve. These targets are called Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). The person’s job is broken into task components of which each component consists of a target behaviour that is rewarded. Remuneration is based on the overall percentage of KP I achievement. Recognition – employee of the month award was created by encouraging staff to use an online submission for their preferred co-worker who had gone over and above their job requirement displaying one of the company values. In addition the company awards the sales department with the person with the highest dollar value in sales and yearly a larger reward of which one year was a new car. Similarly a newsletter recognises new sales people who achieve early in their job. All of these reinforcements are called extrinsic which are rewards given to someone by another person’s valued outcome and because they are environmentally impactful are valued in influencing behaviour through the law of effect (Wood et al, 2010). Cultural change can take years according to Wood et al (2010); however effective cultural change strategies can be used to shorten the timeframe. One of which is explained by Oakland Tanner (2007), it is important to align the culture to support the desired change in behaviour. For example Truelocal needed a professional, customer focused culture which required staff to develop professional skills and behaviour. The result was all departments undertook a full training programme designed to increase awareness in communication, with a focus on questioning and empathy. Conclusion Truelocal is a young company and part of the larger and still relatively new parent organisation, NDM, operating under the global News Corporation. The industry it operates in, digital media is one of the fastest growing and changing environments globally. It changed from a structure and culture of casual, unprofessional work practices managed within a more bureaucratic structure that was under performing to a transformational, high performing, innovative and professional culture that is customer focused. Truelocal achieved its goal of growth, productivity and change in culture, however many staff were lost in the process and not much planning appeared to be in place. It is unclear as to the lack of planning, communication or use of external consultant in the case of radical change that occurred. One assumption might be due to budgetary restrictions as the company has been running at a loss since it started, reporting a loss this year of over one hundred million. Apart from the successful change management strategies that were used by the change agents, in particular the motivational strategies used by nominated change managers, numerous other approaches were identified that may benefit the organisation for managing future changes more effectively. Reference List Carless, S. A. (2005). Person-job fit versus person-organisation fit as predictors of organisational attraction and job acceptance intentions: a longitudinal study. Journal of Occupational and Organisational Psychology. 78 (3), 411-429. Generation Y goes to work (2008, December 30). The Economist (US). Retrieved from http://www. economist. com/business/displaystory. cfm? story_id=12863573 Oakland, J. S. , Tanner, S. (2007). Successful change management. Total Quality Management, 18 (1-2), 1-19. Tushman, M. L. , Anderson, P. C. O’Reilly, C. (1997). Technology cycles, innovation streams and ambidextrous organisations: organisaiton renewal through innovation streams and strategic change. Managing strategic innovation and change. Oxford University Press, NY. 2-23. Wood, J, Zeffane, R. , Fromholtz M. , Wiesner R. , Creed A. , Schermerhorn J. , Hunt J. , Osborn R. , (2010). Organisational Behaviour, Core concepts applications. 2nd Ed. John Wiley Sons, Australia, Ltd. Milton Qld.

Enders Game Essay -- English Literature Essays

Ender's Game In our everyday life, we make decisions, decisions that may change the world we live in, if only slightly. However, each decision we make has an impact on our life and is therefore important. Each time we choose one thing over another, we draw from our previous knowledge to make the best choice we can. However, the ideas and thoughts that actually dictate how we make our choices are the morals that we base our life on. For some, these morals are simple and do not reflect what their life means to them, but for others, the morals that they live on are the foundation of their life. For those who have strong morals, those morals may be complex and hard to understand to others; for this reason, it is common for characters in a book to be simple and their actions to be taken only at face value. However, a few books are able to grasp the underlying meaning of certain actions and words, but none I have yet seen present the morals of characters and define so clearly the feeling and emotions o f people as Orson Scott Card has in his book, ENDER’S GAME. He creates his characters in ways that not only reveal the meanings of their lives, but he creates a story so gracefully interlaced within the feeling and emotions of his characters that the plot itself revolves around themes, ideas, and morals, not the other way around. He creates worlds with people so real that you remember them as real people; people from whom you take ideas and use to create a better life for yourself and others. Each character that Card creates has a unique personality. From the heartless people to the brilliant aliens, each person has their own way of doing things. His writing defines each character in ways such that you can feel how they feel and understand what they desire and need. What really makes this exceptional is that he not only creates the desires and needs of individual humans; he also creates a general feel of what humanity has evolved into. Furthermore, he has created new species that have needs and desires as a whole, thus creating a vast interconnecting universe that can not only be simply understood by the reader but can also be understood in a way that reveals how each character defines the meaning of life. Ender Wiggin, the main character, was born in a time when population restriction laws were in effect. The people of the time could only have two children.... ...is good because he is forgiving—he understands even those who hate him. This is his most important characteristic. He tries to understand everything, and is good at it. The reason he is so good in battle is because he wishes to understand even his enemy and he does, but as he puts it "In the moment when I truly understand my enemy, understand him well enough to defeat him, then in that very moment I also love him. I think it's impossible to really understand somebody, what they want, what they believe, and not love them the way they love themselves." To him this means that as soon as he delivers the killing blow, he loves his enemy and understands them, he hates himself for this. Another one of his morals is that he will try to undo what he has done. He accomplishes this by calling himself the Speaker For The Dead. To him this means that whomever he has killed he has understood, and the least he can do is share that understanding with others. In the case of the buggers, he killed them, understood them and loved them, and so he was able tell others that the buggers where really good, and through his writings he was able to redeem himself and bring to life those who he had killed.

Statement of Educational Goals and Philosophy :: My Philosophy of Education

Statement of Educational Goals and Philosophy When I was in High school I decided that I wanted to be a secondary teacher. At first I didn’t want to be a teacher, but a few of my teachers changed my mind. In secondary school, I was thought of as an outcast by both my peers and my teachers. I had moved from Washington D.C. to the small country town of Galax, in Virginia, and the way I talked and dressed gained allot of negative attention. People thought that I was not capable of anything but starting trouble, when in fact I was very quite and shy. This negative stereotype made school a painful experience and I did not enjoy going to school. It wasn’t until my junior year that I had teachers who saw that I was in fact a intelligent person, capable of anything. They were the ones that showed me that, given the right direction, any student can accomplish anything. They also showed me that learning could be made fun. These teachers are what made me want to teach. They made me want to be the teacher that is there to help every student reach their full potential. In the following paragraphs I will state my philosophy on education and some goals that I will meet. It wasn’t until a project that my Education 210 teacher, Miss Smith, assigned my group a project on essentialism that I realized I was an essentialist, this approach to education was made popular by William Bagley. This approach was originally thought of as being to critical of students, but the launching of Sputnik in nineteen fifty seven and â€Å"A Nation at Risk† in nineteen eighty three brought essentialism back. In all things that are done in the classroom, such as classroom management, the curriculum, teaching methods, and the ways of evaluating my students, I plan to follow the essentialist approach. I wish to do this because it is my belief that schools should instill traditional moral values and the intellectual knowledge that students need in order to become model citizens. After all, I believe that the purpose of education is to mold students into model citizens because they are future leaders.

Blackberry vs Iphone

Abstract The aim of this research was to investigate which is the best smart phone brand between Blackberry and Iphone by measuring the effectiveness of both marketing mix; Product, Price, Place and Promotions. A theoretical framework has been constructed and the group chose to conduct an online survey; using the website that enables users to create their own web-survey, in order to acquire the needed data for this research. The results indicate that the best smart phone so far is Blackberry because their company marketing mixes have been greatly positioned in the people’s mind and preferences.The marketing mix is a business tools in marketing product. The marketing mix is often crucial when determining a product or brand’s unique selling point (the unique quality that differentiates a product from its competitors) and is often synonymous with the four P’s (Borden, Neil. 1960). It is recommend that the marketing mix implemented by Blackberry is the most effective for mobile phone industry; as well as the smart phone, and the strategy lies within it should be followed and exaggerated from time to time to capture the greater demand of consumers. . INTRODUCTION There has been a massive trend in the mobile industry over these past five years. But in developing countries like Malaysia, the trend has just arrived here a couple years back. Every people walk by and teenagers run through, all with their brand new smart phones. Laughter and joy have encountered their live since the existence of the smart phone. 1. History IBM Simon was designed in 1992 and shown as a concept product in a computer trade exhibition took place in Las Vegas, Nevada.It was published and sold by BellSouth in 1993, and besides being a mobile phone, it also contained a calendar, address book, world clock, calculator, note pad, e-mail client, the ability to send and receive  faxes, and games. It had no physical buttons, instead customers used a  touch screen  to select telephone numbers with a finger or create faxes and memos with an optional stylus. Text was entered with a unique on-screen â€Å"predictive† keyboard. The term smart phone was used when Ericsson introduced the concept phone, GS88 and it was the first device labeled ‘smart phone. The trend of smart phone has been a great business to mobile entrepreneurs to expand their product assortments and this opportunity has injected Malaysia’s economic to a very potential growth. Hence, it also drives the local entrepreneur to set up a franchise business from the top smart phone brand which is the essence of the development of mobile industry in Malaysia. The relatively stable prices of Smartphone’s averaging around $309 in the region will continue to drive the industry’s strong growth momentum.In Southeast Asia where smart phone penetration is still nowhere near saturation levels, we can be sure that the current sales spurt will carry on for at least the next few years (The Next. 04-30. 2012). On the other hand, Canadian Research in Motion Blackberry has taken the lead in the smart phone market and being positively challenged by Steve Job’s Apple Iphone, the American, and among the world biggest inventors in mobile and computer. Blackberry and Iphone became a tsunami in the trend of consuming smart phone.Each and every part of newspapers and billboards has the advertisements and promotions of both brand simultaneously, all the latest application came by; altogether with Blackberry and Iphone. People were shocked and hardly believed that they experiencing a major revolution in their communicating devices and since then, hundreds and thousands of people world-wide will queue to buy the new version of smart phone by Apple and Blackberry when it was released in the market. 1. 2 Background Responding to the tremendous wave of the smart phones, the group has initiated and conducted a research on two smart phone market leaders, Apple an d Blackberry.The research was in objective to find the ‘best of the best’ by measuring the effectiveness of both marketing mixes. The group investigated the strategy they used in delivering the product to the customers and capturing the people’s interests on it. The research was named as Iphone versus Blackberry: Marketing Mix, and by this research, the group learned how well they drove the industry by changing the people’s wants into needs. 1. 3 COMPANY BACKGROUND 1. 3. 1 SMARTPHONE BLACKBERRY Blackberry is a line of Smartphone device. It developed and designed by Canadian company Research in Motion (RIM) since 1999.The function of the Smartphone Blackberry is a personal digital assistant, internet browsers, gaming devices, portable media players and so on. Their ability to sent and achieve email and instant massages is the primarily for maintaining a high level of security thought on device massages encryption. The device supports a large variety of inst ant massaging features including Blackberry Messengers (BBM). The first Blackberry device was introduced as a two way pager in Germany since 1999. The name of Smartphone was coined by the marketing company Lexicon Branding.Smartphone Blackberry was released to support push the email, mobile telephone, text messaging, via internet faxing, web browsing and others wireless information services. This is an example of convergent device. The RIM 850 and 857 used the Data Tac network is the original Blackberry device. Smartphone Blackberry is the first made headway in the marketplace by concentrating by email. The Blackberry email service to non-Blackberry devices currently offers from RIM. For example is the Palm Treo; through its Blackberry connect software. The original device had a monochrome display, but all current models have color displays.All models had a built-in QWERTY keyboard, optimized for thumbing, the use of only the thumbs to type. The models are the all-touch Torch 9850/9 860 except for the Storm series. 1. 3. 2 SMARTPHONE IPHONE Iphone also one of part line of the Smartphone designed. The market is by Apple Inc and it was unveiled by Steve Job, the CEO of Apple on January 2007. The iPhone 4s; the generation 5th generation iPhone was announced on October 2011 and released 10 days later. The function in iPhone 4 is a touch screen slate Smartphone also develop by Apple Inc.It is particularly marketed for video calling, consumption of media such as books and periodicals, movies and games and also for general web and email access. It was released in United Kingdom, France, Germany and Japan. Apple Inc. announced about iPhone 4 on 2010 at San Francisco. It runs Apple’s iOS operating system, the same operating system as used on prior iPhones, the iPad and the iPod Touch. The mainly control by the user’s fingertips on the multi-touch display. It is sensitive to fingertip contact and the latest operating system release is iOS 5. 1.The new desig n, which incorporated a UN insulated stainless steel frame that acts as the device’s antenna is the most noticeable difference between the iPhone 4 and its predecessors. The internal components are situated between two panels of chemically strengthened alumina glass. It has an Apple A4 processor and 512 MB of eDRAM. It predeceases and four times that of the original iPhone. Its 3. 5-inch (89  mm)  LED backlit  liquid crystal display  with a 960? 640 pixel resolution is marketed as the â€Å"Retina Display†. 1. 4 SCOPE OF PROJECT The project is about the comparison of Marketing Mix between Apple Inc.Corperation and Blackberry Company from United States of American which both of pioneer leading inventors for ‘Smart Phone’ in the world. Thus, it is focused on the several chosen model of Smart phone introduced by both company based on the Tools of Marketing Mix; product, Price, Place and Promotion (4P’s) in which will be the measurement methods of the comparison. 1. 4. 1 Location 1. 3. 1. 1 The research is conducted in Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor and the respondent is estimated around 1000 to 2000 people. 1. 4. 2 Respondents segmentation: 1. 3. 2. 1 Numbers of respondents: 100 internet users 1. 3. 2. 2 Tools of research: 1. 3. 2. Researches are using 100% questionnaires via Internet Survey and not have other method. 1. 4. 2. 4 Microsoft Project used in structuring the Gantt chart. 1. 4. 3 Limitations of project: 1. 4. 3. 1 Website does not provide the required †¢ Groups were experiencing the difficulties in seeking the information about the company which the company’s websites does not prove the required information. 1. 4. 3. 3 Internal conflict †¢ Group members also caused negative effects on project from internal conflict †¢ For example, group cannot give the full commitment with other for find the information to collect the data in work project. . Objective of Project 1. Aim: Revealing the best bra nd for the consumer based on the Marketing Mix 2. Objective 1. Learning the fundamentals of project management. 2. Improving the studies on research methodology such as collecting information, interpreting data and conducting survey 3. Applying the teamwork theories while initiating the project. 6. Problem Statement / Research Question Marketing mix is a generally phase used to describe the different kinds choices organization have to in the whole process of bringing a product or service to market.The 4Ps is one way probably the best known way of defining the marketing mix and was first expressed. (1960, EMJ McCarthy) A problem faced by the marketing mix for Smartphone between BlackBerry and I phone. People want to know how companies can manage the marketing mix with competitor from 4 sides 4Ps. Firstly is services or product, people want to know the features does it have to meet these needs and there are any features they missed out or including costly features that the customer wo n’t actually used, how and where will the people use it.Secondly is about the place in marketing mix, people want more to know where do buyer look for the Smartphone product or services, the customer need used a sales force or attend the trade fairs or make online submission or others. For marketing mix in price, the problem statement people more to known what the value of the product or services to the buyer and what the offered to trade customer. At the last problem statement is marketing mix it is people want to know is about promotion, what the best promotion company used their Smartphone in the press or on TV, radio or internet and others. . Target User The purpose of this research was to examine which is the best smart phone brand between Blackberry and Apple I Phone based on the marketing mix of each product. Below are the people who were targeted on the research: 1. 7. 1 Blackberry and Apple I Phone users. †¢ Both smart phone brand users were the target user and also the respondents of this research. 1. 7. 2 Other smart phone users and future users. †¢ Besides both brand users, other brand and non- users were also became the target user as they also the target audience for the companies. 1. LITERATURE REVIEW 2. Definition of marketing mix 2. 2 4Ps Nowadays, the demands of new technology of smart phones become increasing from day to day. As the demands have been climbing up, all producers of the smart phones are compete with each other in producing the best products that meet the consumer’s demand. In this project paper, we are trying to explore on the element of marketing mix which are product, place, price and promotion of the smart phones produced by Apple and Blackberry. These two companies are well known as the prime producers of the smart phones because of their high technology.In link with that, this research is trying to focus on how the products affect the customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction is very important th ing to consider by the producers as it will affect the sale of the products and automatically increase the revenue. For Apple company, it is already known as the manufacturer of smart phones that manage to penetrates their products well into the market. Starting from the first model of Iphone, they finally capture the customer attention by their latest smart phone which is Iphone 4s. Blackberries also do not want to miss the opportunity to introduce their smart phones to the smart phones lovers.They have come out with the latest smart phones in order to fulfill the consumer’s needs and wants. How well their performance to attract the consumers to realize that their products exist in the market? This research will determine how well their marketing in promoting their products. Apple and Blackberry are known as the great company that come out with smart phones and certainly there are no other competitors can defeat them as their products and services are in the very good level of quality. There is a connection between service quality and customer satisfaction.If the service quality is in the very high level, there will be an increasing in customer satisfaction and it will keep the customer retention towards the products. As the example, Blackberry has produced variety of smart phones starting from Bold 1 until Bold 5 as well as the demand of the consumers whom wants the latest version on smart phones. The same things are happening to Apple Company which has produced their product series of Iphone and the latest one is Iphone 4s. This kind of situation shows that service quality plays an important role in adding up the customer satisfyHarvard Bureau of Business Research already did a research regarding marketing mix of food manufacturer in 1929. The primary objective of that research is to determine common figures of expenses for various marketing functions among food manufacturing companies. We are trying to do a kind of similar research paper on marketin g mix for Blackberry and Apple Iphone to see which types between product, place, promotion and price is more effective in selling the products. The list of four elements of 4p’s can be explained in more details.According to Borden, Neil H, the first element for product means what types of product lines that the company wants to offer. For example, the quality and design of certain product. Besides that, the new product policy should be considered too and research and development need to be done carefully. Secondly, is the place for selling the product. The manufacturer needs to consider the suitable place to sell their product so there will be no loss in the future. They need to determine where to put the product and make sure that the product can be accepted in that place. Next, promotion also is the most important element in marketing mix.Promotion is the hardest part for manufacturer to promote their products. Last but not least, price also plays an important role in marke ting mix. Price level must be determine whether it is suitable and affordable enough for the consumers to get the products. Marketing mix is related to the consumer’s buying behavior, the trade behavior, competition’s position and behavior, and also government’s behavior. Marketing mix need to be understanding well by the manufacturer as it has proved that it help as a device in teaching, business problem solving, and as an aid of thinking in marketing.In research process, there will be a tool that would help in gathering the findings. For this research, there are several methods that have been used in collecting the findings. Firstly, by using the questionnaire method. The questionnaires have been given to the 100 people in order to find out the answer on element of marketing mix and how the products affect the customer satisfaction. The interviewing method also be use to collect the information. The interviewing session is between the researcher and the Blackb erry and Apple Iphone seller around Selangor region. 3. 0 METHODOLOGYOur group had various method of using in the research. Among the method we used is questionnaire to get the response from people using Smartphone Blackberry and Iphone. It was distributing 100 questioners to people answer and get feedback as my research from their perception. Other else, our group also searching from internet for get much information and many examples about how many people using Smart Phone like Blackberry and Iphone in Malaysian and the questionnaire. In order that, we are always ask our lecturer Puan Hasnira as my lecturer the Group Project subject for monitoring.Other various we used of using in the research from interview a few friends using the Smart Phone at collage or out of collage and get the perception from this research. 1. SELECTION OF RESPONDENT †¢ For the selection of respondent we are used from both of Smartphone Apple Iphone and Blackberry brand users were the target user and a lso the respondents of this research. In order that, we are also used from other Smartphone user or future users, beside both brand users, other brand and non- users were also became the target user as they also the target audience for the companies. . Questionnaire In order that, the survey used by on internet for the questionnaire to promote our product. We passed the questionnaire based on Facebook, email and other else. Our group used the Survey Monkey for making the questionnaire and save all data and all answer from people. Used the survey on internet can make people to answer our questionnaire and helps makes success on survey. It’s easy to pass the questionnaire from survey buy internet. 3. Data Collection Study Besides that, have five parts on the questionnaire for making the question.Part A people answer the question based on thick the question and choose the answer based people choice. Part B is people should be underline the product are using and answer the questi on based on your product, also with part C and part E. Part D people should be thick the answer based on the box for answer the question. 4. PROJECT MANAGEMENT 1. WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE The approach of breaking down the work used by the group in prior to converge in developing a detailed list of the activities needed to execute this project . The figure below shows the group WBS for the project. pic] 2. COLLECTING THE INFORMATION 1. Collecting information The very first step in project executing. The information collected is all about the marketing mix for Apple and Blackberry. 2. Analyzing and dividing information The information collected is being analyze and divided. 3. Gathering output The information that have been analyze are collected together to find out the results or findings 4. Moderation The process of arranging and gathering the collected data. 3. CONDUCTING INTERVIEW 1. Conducting interview Interview is the next process after information have been collected.The inter view approaches is using to gather the information from the respondent. In this case, the respondent is the salesperson of Apple and Blackberry phones. 2. Analyze requirement The process of analyzing the requirement needed to identify the types of information gathered. 3. Investigating information The next process in work breakdown structure. The information gathered must be investigate to find the results. 4. Gathering output The last step is gathering the output or the information get from the interview session and arrange in correct order. 4. SURVEY 1. SurveyThe survey is carry out in Bandar Baru Bangi where the expected respondent is the most. 2. Endorsement of questionnaires The questionnaires prepared are distributed to the target respondent in Bandar Baru Bangi. 3. Intepreting information The process of translating the data into useful information 4. Moderation The process of arranging the data collected. 5. 0 FINDING AND ANALYSIS PHONE’S BRAND USER [pic] Figure 5. 1 e xplain how many people using the brands of Smartphone between genders. For male using the Smartphone Iphone is 8%, Blackberry 26% and for Non-user Smartphone is 7%.In order that genders for female using the Smartphone Iphone are 9%, Blackberry 38% and Non-user Smartphone is 12%. The higher user using Smartphone Blackberry for female and male. OCCUPATION [pic] Figure 5. 2 explain the monthly income in occupation user for the Smartphone. Monthly income below RM1000 is using the Smartphone start from student, the higher using then Smartphone is 46%, Blue Collar Worker and White Collar Worker is 2%. For monthly income around RM1000-RM3000 for student is 2%, Blue Collar Worker is 25 and White Collar is 8%.In order that for monthly income RM300 and above more to Blue Collar Worker 5% and White Collar Worker is 11%. WHAT DO YOU THINK OF THE PHONE? [pic] Figure 5. 3 explain what people think about the brands of users. Firstly for it’s a new product the user of Iphone is 8%, Blackberr y is 12% and Non-user Smartphone is 3%. Iphone user said the think of the phone is 7%, blackberry is 28% and Non-user is 2% and lastly is about because a lot of people are using it for user Iphone is 2%, Blackberry is 24% and Non-user Smartphone is 14%. Many users Blackberry in this Bar Chart.WHY DO YOU CHOOSE THE PHONE? [pic] Figure 5. 4 explain why people choose the Smartphone. The user Non-user 4%, Blackberry 18% and Iphone 3% choose because the phone suits with their preferences. In order that, 5% for Non-user, 23% for Blackberry and 7% for Iphone choose the phone cause of they are like the features. And lastly because of the new trend, Smartphone Iphone support 7%, Blackberry 23% and Non-user is 10%. DO YOU THINK THAT THE PRICE OF YOUR PRODUCT IS REASONABLE? [pic] Bar Chart explains what people think the price in product is reasonable for Smartphone.Have 7% support yes and no from neither. In order that, from Smartphone Blackberry had 63% said yes and 5% said no. Smartphone Iph one 26% said the price is reasonable and 2% is not accepting the price is reasonable. DO YOU KNOW THE LATEST PROMOTION OFFERED ON THE PHONE? [pic] Figure 5. 6 explain how many people know the promotion latest in advertisement offered on the Smartphone. For television have 14% said yes, 4% said no and 1% did not hear new promotions. Radio, only 3% said yes. Internet, 45% said yes, 2% said no and did not hear the promotions.Newspaper, 18% said yes, 3% said no and 1% said did not hear new promotions. And last people know the latest promotion on banner, 5% said yes and only 1% said no. the higher people know the latest promotion on internet. WHAT IS YOUR OPINION TOWARDS THE PHONE? [pic] Figure 5. 7 explain about what opinion of people towards the phone choose. The first opinion its had 5% it is a they are don’t think that the phone is the best in market for now, also 18% people give the opinion is they are certainly hope that there is more new model to come .In order that had oth ers such as their own opinion support 9% and the higher opinion from people its 77%, they are said the phone they are used is the best phone so far. WHICH ONE DO YOU FEEL THAT IT IS WORTH TO OWN EVEN THOUGH IT COSTS? [pic] Pie chart in Figure 5. 8 explains about which one people feel that it is worth to own even thought it costs? Have 16% people feel that IPhone it worth to their own even though it costs than BlackBerry it’s 84%. I KNOW THE NEAREST OUTLET THAT SELLS THE PHONE. [pic] Figure 5. 9 explain about how many people nearest outlet that sells the phone.And the result its 23% said disagree about nearest the outlet, 4% said neutral and the higher it’s 73% people said agree about the people know the nearest outlet that sell the phone. And many people agree about that. I FIND IT IS HARD FOR ME TO GO TO THE OULET BECAUSE IT IS NOT STRATEGICALLY LOCATED. [pic] Figure 6. 0 explain that people how to easy people go to the outlet because it is not strategically located. The result is 10% people agree the located it not good strategies, 29% said that are neutral and the higher said 61% people said disagree about the located it’s not strategies.I LIKE TO GO TO THE OUTLET TO CHECK OUT NEW MODEL BECAUSE THE OUTLET IS VERY ACCOMMODATING AND THE SERVICE IS EXCELLENT. [pic] Figure 6. 1 explain how many people agree or disagree with like to go the outlet to check out new model because the outlet is very accommodating and the service is excellent. 15% neutral, in order that 29% it’s agreed and the higher like to go the outlet to check out new model is disagree 56%. DO YOU THINK THAT THE ADVERTISEMENT BY THE COMPANY ALERTED YOU ON THE EXISTENCE OF THE PHONE? [pic] Figure 6. 2 explain what people thing about the advertisement by the company alerted on the existence of the phone?People alert the existence of the phone is 70% said yes, that mean people said yes is higher. Second is 22% people said not entirely the company alert on the existence of the phone and lastly is 8%% people said no. 6. RECOMMENDATION Based on the research findings, Apple and Blackberry should improve their marketing strategy that focus on these four elements: product, place, price and promotion. The manufacturer must determine what product that fit the customer’s need and wants. The product produced need to satisfy the customer’s demand so that they can generate more profit rather than losses.In view of place, the Apple and Blackberry companies should have a detail research to sell their products well. The wrong place can affects the sales of products. Pricing also plays an important role in selling the goods. The price need to match with the target prospect’s income and affordable to own. Last but not least, promotion is the part of a good marketing process. Without promotion, even greatest products can’t be penetrated well into the market. 7. CONCLUSION The conclusion was that our research Smartphone would last the longe st in the entire device the tested. Our conclusion do support from our research paper.What we think that the research we are went smoothly and can handle any problem we have, except for the fact that the respondent in our survey it’s not satisfaction because it is not running fast in something. Therefore, we had to take measurements quickly. An interesting future for our research might involve testing about our research and marketing mix in Smartphone Blackberry and Apple IPhone to stimulate actual customer using is higher or lower in marketing mix plan. 8. REFFERENCES Abkowitz Alyssa. Hempel Jessi. Thai, Kim. How Blackberry Does It. (2009). Fortune 160,(4), pg. 92-100. Retired October 2009, from BusinessSources Complete Anderson, Thomas M. What You Need to Know About Smartphones 2. 0. (2009). Kiplinger’s Personal Finance, 63, (11), pg. 79. Retrieved October 2009, from Business Source Complete. Canadian company Research In Motion (RIM) since 1999. [2]. managementparadi se. com/forums/marketing- management/209000-marketing-mix-blackberry. html. Cleverly Simple. (2009). Economist, 392, (8651), pg. 80-81. Retrieved October 2009, from Business Source Complete. Datamonitor: Apple Inc. (2009). Apple Inc. SWOT Analysis, p. 1-11. Retrieved October 2009, From Digital Daily – John Paczkowski – IPhones Desire Drive (2010). Blackberry vs Iphone Abstract The aim of this research was to investigate which is the best smart phone brand between Blackberry and Iphone by measuring the effectiveness of both marketing mix; Product, Price, Place and Promotions. A theoretical framework has been constructed and the group chose to conduct an online survey; using the website that enables users to create their own web-survey, in order to acquire the needed data for this research. The results indicate that the best smart phone so far is Blackberry because their company marketing mixes have been greatly positioned in the people’s mind and preferences.The marketing mix is a business tools in marketing product. The marketing mix is often crucial when determining a product or brand’s unique selling point (the unique quality that differentiates a product from its competitors) and is often synonymous with the four P’s (Borden, Neil. 1960). It is recommend that the marketing mix implemented by Blackberry is the most effective for mobile phone industry; as well as the smart phone, and the strategy lies within it should be followed and exaggerated from time to time to capture the greater demand of consumers. . INTRODUCTION There has been a massive trend in the mobile industry over these past five years. But in developing countries like Malaysia, the trend has just arrived here a couple years back. Every people walk by and teenagers run through, all with their brand new smart phones. Laughter and joy have encountered their live since the existence of the smart phone. 1. History IBM Simon was designed in 1992 and shown as a concept product in a computer trade exhibition took place in Las Vegas, Nevada.It was published and sold by BellSouth in 1993, and besides being a mobile phone, it also contained a calendar, address book, world clock, calculator, note pad, e-mail client, the ability to send and receive  faxes, and games. It had no physical buttons, instead customers used a  touch screen  to select telephone numbers with a finger or create faxes and memos with an optional stylus. Text was entered with a unique on-screen â€Å"predictive† keyboard. The term smart phone was used when Ericsson introduced the concept phone, GS88 and it was the first device labeled ‘smart phone. The trend of smart phone has been a great business to mobile entrepreneurs to expand their product assortments and this opportunity has injected Malaysia’s economic to a very potential growth. Hence, it also drives the local entrepreneur to set up a franchise business from the top smart phone brand which is the essence of the development of mobile industry in Malaysia. The relatively stable prices of Smartphone’s averaging around $309 in the region will continue to drive the industry’s strong growth momentum.In Southeast Asia where smart phone penetration is still nowhere near saturation levels, we can be sure that the current sales spurt will carry on for at least the next few years (The Next. 04-30. 2012). On the other hand, Canadian Research in Motion Blackberry has taken the lead in the smart phone market and being positively challenged by Steve Job’s Apple Iphone, the American, and among the world biggest inventors in mobile and computer. Blackberry and Iphone became a tsunami in the trend of consuming smart phone.Each and every part of newspapers and billboards has the advertisements and promotions of both brand simultaneously, all the latest application came by; altogether with Blackberry and Iphone. People were shocked and hardly believed that they experiencing a major revolution in their communicating devices and since then, hundreds and thousands of people world-wide will queue to buy the new version of smart phone by Apple and Blackberry when it was released in the market. 1. 2 Background Responding to the tremendous wave of the smart phones, the group has initiated and conducted a research on two smart phone market leaders, Apple an d Blackberry.The research was in objective to find the ‘best of the best’ by measuring the effectiveness of both marketing mixes. The group investigated the strategy they used in delivering the product to the customers and capturing the people’s interests on it. The research was named as Iphone versus Blackberry: Marketing Mix, and by this research, the group learned how well they drove the industry by changing the people’s wants into needs. 1. 3 COMPANY BACKGROUND 1. 3. 1 SMARTPHONE BLACKBERRY Blackberry is a line of Smartphone device. It developed and designed by Canadian company Research in Motion (RIM) since 1999.The function of the Smartphone Blackberry is a personal digital assistant, internet browsers, gaming devices, portable media players and so on. Their ability to sent and achieve email and instant massages is the primarily for maintaining a high level of security thought on device massages encryption. The device supports a large variety of inst ant massaging features including Blackberry Messengers (BBM). The first Blackberry device was introduced as a two way pager in Germany since 1999. The name of Smartphone was coined by the marketing company Lexicon Branding.Smartphone Blackberry was released to support push the email, mobile telephone, text messaging, via internet faxing, web browsing and others wireless information services. This is an example of convergent device. The RIM 850 and 857 used the Data Tac network is the original Blackberry device. Smartphone Blackberry is the first made headway in the marketplace by concentrating by email. The Blackberry email service to non-Blackberry devices currently offers from RIM. For example is the Palm Treo; through its Blackberry connect software. The original device had a monochrome display, but all current models have color displays.All models had a built-in QWERTY keyboard, optimized for thumbing, the use of only the thumbs to type. The models are the all-touch Torch 9850/9 860 except for the Storm series. 1. 3. 2 SMARTPHONE IPHONE Iphone also one of part line of the Smartphone designed. The market is by Apple Inc and it was unveiled by Steve Job, the CEO of Apple on January 2007. The iPhone 4s; the generation 5th generation iPhone was announced on October 2011 and released 10 days later. The function in iPhone 4 is a touch screen slate Smartphone also develop by Apple Inc.It is particularly marketed for video calling, consumption of media such as books and periodicals, movies and games and also for general web and email access. It was released in United Kingdom, France, Germany and Japan. Apple Inc. announced about iPhone 4 on 2010 at San Francisco. It runs Apple’s iOS operating system, the same operating system as used on prior iPhones, the iPad and the iPod Touch. The mainly control by the user’s fingertips on the multi-touch display. It is sensitive to fingertip contact and the latest operating system release is iOS 5. 1.The new desig n, which incorporated a UN insulated stainless steel frame that acts as the device’s antenna is the most noticeable difference between the iPhone 4 and its predecessors. The internal components are situated between two panels of chemically strengthened alumina glass. It has an Apple A4 processor and 512 MB of eDRAM. It predeceases and four times that of the original iPhone. Its 3. 5-inch (89  mm)  LED backlit  liquid crystal display  with a 960? 640 pixel resolution is marketed as the â€Å"Retina Display†. 1. 4 SCOPE OF PROJECT The project is about the comparison of Marketing Mix between Apple Inc.Corperation and Blackberry Company from United States of American which both of pioneer leading inventors for ‘Smart Phone’ in the world. Thus, it is focused on the several chosen model of Smart phone introduced by both company based on the Tools of Marketing Mix; product, Price, Place and Promotion (4P’s) in which will be the measurement methods of the comparison. 1. 4. 1 Location 1. 3. 1. 1 The research is conducted in Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor and the respondent is estimated around 1000 to 2000 people. 1. 4. 2 Respondents segmentation: 1. 3. 2. 1 Numbers of respondents: 100 internet users 1. 3. 2. 2 Tools of research: 1. 3. 2. Researches are using 100% questionnaires via Internet Survey and not have other method. 1. 4. 2. 4 Microsoft Project used in structuring the Gantt chart. 1. 4. 3 Limitations of project: 1. 4. 3. 1 Website does not provide the required †¢ Groups were experiencing the difficulties in seeking the information about the company which the company’s websites does not prove the required information. 1. 4. 3. 3 Internal conflict †¢ Group members also caused negative effects on project from internal conflict †¢ For example, group cannot give the full commitment with other for find the information to collect the data in work project. . Objective of Project 1. Aim: Revealing the best bra nd for the consumer based on the Marketing Mix 2. Objective 1. Learning the fundamentals of project management. 2. Improving the studies on research methodology such as collecting information, interpreting data and conducting survey 3. Applying the teamwork theories while initiating the project. 6. Problem Statement / Research Question Marketing mix is a generally phase used to describe the different kinds choices organization have to in the whole process of bringing a product or service to market.The 4Ps is one way probably the best known way of defining the marketing mix and was first expressed. (1960, EMJ McCarthy) A problem faced by the marketing mix for Smartphone between BlackBerry and I phone. People want to know how companies can manage the marketing mix with competitor from 4 sides 4Ps. Firstly is services or product, people want to know the features does it have to meet these needs and there are any features they missed out or including costly features that the customer wo n’t actually used, how and where will the people use it.Secondly is about the place in marketing mix, people want more to know where do buyer look for the Smartphone product or services, the customer need used a sales force or attend the trade fairs or make online submission or others. For marketing mix in price, the problem statement people more to known what the value of the product or services to the buyer and what the offered to trade customer. At the last problem statement is marketing mix it is people want to know is about promotion, what the best promotion company used their Smartphone in the press or on TV, radio or internet and others. . Target User The purpose of this research was to examine which is the best smart phone brand between Blackberry and Apple I Phone based on the marketing mix of each product. Below are the people who were targeted on the research: 1. 7. 1 Blackberry and Apple I Phone users. †¢ Both smart phone brand users were the target user and also the respondents of this research. 1. 7. 2 Other smart phone users and future users. †¢ Besides both brand users, other brand and non- users were also became the target user as they also the target audience for the companies. 1. LITERATURE REVIEW 2. Definition of marketing mix 2. 2 4Ps Nowadays, the demands of new technology of smart phones become increasing from day to day. As the demands have been climbing up, all producers of the smart phones are compete with each other in producing the best products that meet the consumer’s demand. In this project paper, we are trying to explore on the element of marketing mix which are product, place, price and promotion of the smart phones produced by Apple and Blackberry. These two companies are well known as the prime producers of the smart phones because of their high technology.In link with that, this research is trying to focus on how the products affect the customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction is very important th ing to consider by the producers as it will affect the sale of the products and automatically increase the revenue. For Apple company, it is already known as the manufacturer of smart phones that manage to penetrates their products well into the market. Starting from the first model of Iphone, they finally capture the customer attention by their latest smart phone which is Iphone 4s. Blackberries also do not want to miss the opportunity to introduce their smart phones to the smart phones lovers.They have come out with the latest smart phones in order to fulfill the consumer’s needs and wants. How well their performance to attract the consumers to realize that their products exist in the market? This research will determine how well their marketing in promoting their products. Apple and Blackberry are known as the great company that come out with smart phones and certainly there are no other competitors can defeat them as their products and services are in the very good level of quality. There is a connection between service quality and customer satisfaction.If the service quality is in the very high level, there will be an increasing in customer satisfaction and it will keep the customer retention towards the products. As the example, Blackberry has produced variety of smart phones starting from Bold 1 until Bold 5 as well as the demand of the consumers whom wants the latest version on smart phones. The same things are happening to Apple Company which has produced their product series of Iphone and the latest one is Iphone 4s. This kind of situation shows that service quality plays an important role in adding up the customer satisfyHarvard Bureau of Business Research already did a research regarding marketing mix of food manufacturer in 1929. The primary objective of that research is to determine common figures of expenses for various marketing functions among food manufacturing companies. We are trying to do a kind of similar research paper on marketin g mix for Blackberry and Apple Iphone to see which types between product, place, promotion and price is more effective in selling the products. The list of four elements of 4p’s can be explained in more details.According to Borden, Neil H, the first element for product means what types of product lines that the company wants to offer. For example, the quality and design of certain product. Besides that, the new product policy should be considered too and research and development need to be done carefully. Secondly, is the place for selling the product. The manufacturer needs to consider the suitable place to sell their product so there will be no loss in the future. They need to determine where to put the product and make sure that the product can be accepted in that place. Next, promotion also is the most important element in marketing mix.Promotion is the hardest part for manufacturer to promote their products. Last but not least, price also plays an important role in marke ting mix. Price level must be determine whether it is suitable and affordable enough for the consumers to get the products. Marketing mix is related to the consumer’s buying behavior, the trade behavior, competition’s position and behavior, and also government’s behavior. Marketing mix need to be understanding well by the manufacturer as it has proved that it help as a device in teaching, business problem solving, and as an aid of thinking in marketing.In research process, there will be a tool that would help in gathering the findings. For this research, there are several methods that have been used in collecting the findings. Firstly, by using the questionnaire method. The questionnaires have been given to the 100 people in order to find out the answer on element of marketing mix and how the products affect the customer satisfaction. The interviewing method also be use to collect the information. The interviewing session is between the researcher and the Blackb erry and Apple Iphone seller around Selangor region. 3. 0 METHODOLOGYOur group had various method of using in the research. Among the method we used is questionnaire to get the response from people using Smartphone Blackberry and Iphone. It was distributing 100 questioners to people answer and get feedback as my research from their perception. Other else, our group also searching from internet for get much information and many examples about how many people using Smart Phone like Blackberry and Iphone in Malaysian and the questionnaire. In order that, we are always ask our lecturer Puan Hasnira as my lecturer the Group Project subject for monitoring.Other various we used of using in the research from interview a few friends using the Smart Phone at collage or out of collage and get the perception from this research. 1. SELECTION OF RESPONDENT †¢ For the selection of respondent we are used from both of Smartphone Apple Iphone and Blackberry brand users were the target user and a lso the respondents of this research. In order that, we are also used from other Smartphone user or future users, beside both brand users, other brand and non- users were also became the target user as they also the target audience for the companies. . Questionnaire In order that, the survey used by on internet for the questionnaire to promote our product. We passed the questionnaire based on Facebook, email and other else. Our group used the Survey Monkey for making the questionnaire and save all data and all answer from people. Used the survey on internet can make people to answer our questionnaire and helps makes success on survey. It’s easy to pass the questionnaire from survey buy internet. 3. Data Collection Study Besides that, have five parts on the questionnaire for making the question.Part A people answer the question based on thick the question and choose the answer based people choice. Part B is people should be underline the product are using and answer the questi on based on your product, also with part C and part E. Part D people should be thick the answer based on the box for answer the question. 4. PROJECT MANAGEMENT 1. WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE The approach of breaking down the work used by the group in prior to converge in developing a detailed list of the activities needed to execute this project . The figure below shows the group WBS for the project. pic] 2. COLLECTING THE INFORMATION 1. Collecting information The very first step in project executing. The information collected is all about the marketing mix for Apple and Blackberry. 2. Analyzing and dividing information The information collected is being analyze and divided. 3. Gathering output The information that have been analyze are collected together to find out the results or findings 4. Moderation The process of arranging and gathering the collected data. 3. CONDUCTING INTERVIEW 1. Conducting interview Interview is the next process after information have been collected.The inter view approaches is using to gather the information from the respondent. In this case, the respondent is the salesperson of Apple and Blackberry phones. 2. Analyze requirement The process of analyzing the requirement needed to identify the types of information gathered. 3. Investigating information The next process in work breakdown structure. The information gathered must be investigate to find the results. 4. Gathering output The last step is gathering the output or the information get from the interview session and arrange in correct order. 4. SURVEY 1. SurveyThe survey is carry out in Bandar Baru Bangi where the expected respondent is the most. 2. Endorsement of questionnaires The questionnaires prepared are distributed to the target respondent in Bandar Baru Bangi. 3. Intepreting information The process of translating the data into useful information 4. Moderation The process of arranging the data collected. 5. 0 FINDING AND ANALYSIS PHONE’S BRAND USER [pic] Figure 5. 1 e xplain how many people using the brands of Smartphone between genders. For male using the Smartphone Iphone is 8%, Blackberry 26% and for Non-user Smartphone is 7%.In order that genders for female using the Smartphone Iphone are 9%, Blackberry 38% and Non-user Smartphone is 12%. The higher user using Smartphone Blackberry for female and male. OCCUPATION [pic] Figure 5. 2 explain the monthly income in occupation user for the Smartphone. Monthly income below RM1000 is using the Smartphone start from student, the higher using then Smartphone is 46%, Blue Collar Worker and White Collar Worker is 2%. For monthly income around RM1000-RM3000 for student is 2%, Blue Collar Worker is 25 and White Collar is 8%.In order that for monthly income RM300 and above more to Blue Collar Worker 5% and White Collar Worker is 11%. WHAT DO YOU THINK OF THE PHONE? [pic] Figure 5. 3 explain what people think about the brands of users. Firstly for it’s a new product the user of Iphone is 8%, Blackberr y is 12% and Non-user Smartphone is 3%. Iphone user said the think of the phone is 7%, blackberry is 28% and Non-user is 2% and lastly is about because a lot of people are using it for user Iphone is 2%, Blackberry is 24% and Non-user Smartphone is 14%. Many users Blackberry in this Bar Chart.WHY DO YOU CHOOSE THE PHONE? [pic] Figure 5. 4 explain why people choose the Smartphone. The user Non-user 4%, Blackberry 18% and Iphone 3% choose because the phone suits with their preferences. In order that, 5% for Non-user, 23% for Blackberry and 7% for Iphone choose the phone cause of they are like the features. And lastly because of the new trend, Smartphone Iphone support 7%, Blackberry 23% and Non-user is 10%. DO YOU THINK THAT THE PRICE OF YOUR PRODUCT IS REASONABLE? [pic] Bar Chart explains what people think the price in product is reasonable for Smartphone.Have 7% support yes and no from neither. In order that, from Smartphone Blackberry had 63% said yes and 5% said no. Smartphone Iph one 26% said the price is reasonable and 2% is not accepting the price is reasonable. DO YOU KNOW THE LATEST PROMOTION OFFERED ON THE PHONE? [pic] Figure 5. 6 explain how many people know the promotion latest in advertisement offered on the Smartphone. For television have 14% said yes, 4% said no and 1% did not hear new promotions. Radio, only 3% said yes. Internet, 45% said yes, 2% said no and did not hear the promotions.Newspaper, 18% said yes, 3% said no and 1% said did not hear new promotions. And last people know the latest promotion on banner, 5% said yes and only 1% said no. the higher people know the latest promotion on internet. WHAT IS YOUR OPINION TOWARDS THE PHONE? [pic] Figure 5. 7 explain about what opinion of people towards the phone choose. The first opinion its had 5% it is a they are don’t think that the phone is the best in market for now, also 18% people give the opinion is they are certainly hope that there is more new model to come .In order that had oth ers such as their own opinion support 9% and the higher opinion from people its 77%, they are said the phone they are used is the best phone so far. WHICH ONE DO YOU FEEL THAT IT IS WORTH TO OWN EVEN THOUGH IT COSTS? [pic] Pie chart in Figure 5. 8 explains about which one people feel that it is worth to own even thought it costs? Have 16% people feel that IPhone it worth to their own even though it costs than BlackBerry it’s 84%. I KNOW THE NEAREST OUTLET THAT SELLS THE PHONE. [pic] Figure 5. 9 explain about how many people nearest outlet that sells the phone.And the result its 23% said disagree about nearest the outlet, 4% said neutral and the higher it’s 73% people said agree about the people know the nearest outlet that sell the phone. And many people agree about that. I FIND IT IS HARD FOR ME TO GO TO THE OULET BECAUSE IT IS NOT STRATEGICALLY LOCATED. [pic] Figure 6. 0 explain that people how to easy people go to the outlet because it is not strategically located. The result is 10% people agree the located it not good strategies, 29% said that are neutral and the higher said 61% people said disagree about the located it’s not strategies.I LIKE TO GO TO THE OUTLET TO CHECK OUT NEW MODEL BECAUSE THE OUTLET IS VERY ACCOMMODATING AND THE SERVICE IS EXCELLENT. [pic] Figure 6. 1 explain how many people agree or disagree with like to go the outlet to check out new model because the outlet is very accommodating and the service is excellent. 15% neutral, in order that 29% it’s agreed and the higher like to go the outlet to check out new model is disagree 56%. DO YOU THINK THAT THE ADVERTISEMENT BY THE COMPANY ALERTED YOU ON THE EXISTENCE OF THE PHONE? [pic] Figure 6. 2 explain what people thing about the advertisement by the company alerted on the existence of the phone?People alert the existence of the phone is 70% said yes, that mean people said yes is higher. Second is 22% people said not entirely the company alert on the existence of the phone and lastly is 8%% people said no. 6. RECOMMENDATION Based on the research findings, Apple and Blackberry should improve their marketing strategy that focus on these four elements: product, place, price and promotion. The manufacturer must determine what product that fit the customer’s need and wants. The product produced need to satisfy the customer’s demand so that they can generate more profit rather than losses.In view of place, the Apple and Blackberry companies should have a detail research to sell their products well. The wrong place can affects the sales of products. Pricing also plays an important role in selling the goods. The price need to match with the target prospect’s income and affordable to own. Last but not least, promotion is the part of a good marketing process. Without promotion, even greatest products can’t be penetrated well into the market. 7. CONCLUSION The conclusion was that our research Smartphone would last the longe st in the entire device the tested. Our conclusion do support from our research paper.What we think that the research we are went smoothly and can handle any problem we have, except for the fact that the respondent in our survey it’s not satisfaction because it is not running fast in something. Therefore, we had to take measurements quickly. An interesting future for our research might involve testing about our research and marketing mix in Smartphone Blackberry and Apple IPhone to stimulate actual customer using is higher or lower in marketing mix plan. 8. REFFERENCES Abkowitz Alyssa. Hempel Jessi. Thai, Kim. How Blackberry Does It. (2009). Fortune 160,(4), pg. 92-100. Retired October 2009, from BusinessSources Complete Anderson, Thomas M. What You Need to Know About Smartphones 2. 0. (2009). Kiplinger’s Personal Finance, 63, (11), pg. 79. Retrieved October 2009, from Business Source Complete. Canadian company Research In Motion (RIM) since 1999. [2]. managementparadi se. com/forums/marketing- management/209000-marketing-mix-blackberry. html. Cleverly Simple. (2009). Economist, 392, (8651), pg. 80-81. Retrieved October 2009, from Business Source Complete. Datamonitor: Apple Inc. (2009). Apple Inc. SWOT Analysis, p. 1-11. Retrieved October 2009, From Digital Daily – John Paczkowski – IPhones Desire Drive (2010).