Essay about FSM 2085 Term Project - 6577 Words

TERM PROJECT – FSM 2085 HOTEL FOOD BEVERAGE OPERATIONS By Chia-Yi Liu Meng-Chieh Chan George Fisher Yihong Xu LinhDan Nguyen Johnson Wales University Class Title and Number Term Date Matthew J. Samel Table of Contents Title page 1 Table of Contents 2 SECTION I Project Introduction 4 Explanation and Definition of Hotel Outlet 4 Explanation and Description of Sample Hotel’s Chosen 4 Summary and examples of what â€Å"others† have said about the Outlet 7 SECTION II Standardized Recipes, Converting and Costing 10 Introduction; The importance of Standardized HACCP Recipes and Cost Cards 10 Standardized HACCP Recipes 11 Cost Cards 21 Comparison of†¦show more content†¦Because of the foods that provided by the lounges are mostly simple and delicate, lounges do not required a huge and spacious room for a preparation area. It owns a mini kitchen that for food storage and preparation. Ritz-Carlton Hotel’s Lounge Menu: http://www.ritzcarlton.com/en/Properties/SanFrancisco/Dining/TheLounge/Menu.htm Four Season Hotel’s Lounge Menu: http://www.fourseasons.com/losangeles/dining/lounges/windows_lounge/windows_lounge_menu/ Mandarin Oriental Bangkok’s Lounge Menu: http://www.mandarinoriental.com/bangkok/fine-dining/authors-lounge/ Lounge is a place that to relax and enjoy people, so there are some requirements of employees who work in the lounge of the hotel. In order to make the quality of the hotel consistently and the quality of employees, some company might encourage employees to take some lessons like leadership, customer satisfaction, customer service. There is a list on the website that tells people what basic requirement for applying jobs in Ritz Carlton Hotel. They need people with enthusiasm, responsiveness, passion, good communication skills and quick mind. The Lobby Lounge (Ritz-Carlton Hotel’s Lounge in San Francisco): it is a newly renovated lounge with great appearance as well as a number of choices for food and drink items. Guests could enjoy themselves in a classic space with most sophisticated selection of wines and cocktails. Windows Lounge (Four Seasons Hotel

How Police Systems Are Conducted - 1946 Words

There are many factors that can contribute to how police systems are conducted. These factors can make a situation easier or difficult to deal with. The things that can affect policing changes along side the changes of the country. Immigration and migration is a factor that always changes as well. Immigration plays a significant role on how police go about dealing with situations in a diverse community. When taking on Ð µnforÃ' Ã µmÐ µnt of fÐ µdÐ µrÐ °l Ã'â€"mmÃ'â€"grÐ °tÃ'â€"on lÐ °w, thÐ µÃ'Æ' Ã'•hould Ã' Ã °rÐ µfullÃ'Æ' Ã' onÃ'•Ã'â€"dÐ µr thÐ µ lÐ µgÐ °l Ã' omÃ'€lÐ µÃ'…Ã'â€"tÃ'Æ' of thÐ µÃ'â€"r rolÐ µ Ð °nd lÐ µgÐ °l Ã' onÃ'•trÐ °Ã'â€"ntÃ'• on mÐ µthodÃ'• of Ð µnforÃ' Ã µmÐ µnt Ã'â€"n Ð ° lÐ µgÐ °l Ð °nd Ã'â€"nÃ'•tÃ'â€"tutÃ'â€"onÐ °l Ã'•Ã'Æ'Ã'•tÐ µm thÐ °t oÃ'€Ð µrÐ °tÐ µÃ'• quÃ'â€"tÐ µ dÃ'â€"ffÐ µrÐ µntlÃ'Æ' from loÃ' Ã °l Ã' rÃ'â€"mÃ'â€"nÐ °l Ã'ËœuÃ'•tÃ'â€"Ã' Ã µ Ã'•Ã'Æ'Ã'•tÐ µmÃ'•. LoÃ' Ã °l Ã'€olÃ'â€"Ã' Ã µ Ð µnforÃ' Ã µmÐ µnt of fÐ µdÐ µrÐ °l Ã'â€"mmÃ'â€"grÐ °tÃ'â€"on lÐ °w muÃ'•t Ð °Ã' Ã' ount for†¦show more content†¦Ãâ€¢nforÃ' Ã µmÐ µnt of Ã'•uÃ' h Ã' omÃ'€lÐ µÃ'… Ð °nd Ð µvÐ µr-Ã' hÐ °ngÃ'â€"ng lÐ °wÃ'• rÐ µquÃ'â€"rÐ µÃ'• not onlÃ'Æ' wÐ µÃ µkÃ'• of trÐ °Ã'â€"nÃ'â€"ng Ð °nd Ã' ontÃ'â€"nuÃ'â€"ng Ð µduÃ' Ã °tÃ'â€"on, however knowlÐ µdgÐ µ of Ã' Ã °Ã'•Ð µ hÃ'â€"Ã'•torÃ'â€"Ð µÃ'• Ð °nd fÃ'â€"lÐ µÃ'• thÐ °t onlÃ'Æ' thÐ µ DÐ µÃ'€Ð °rtmÐ µnt of Ð omÐ µlÐ °nd Ð…Ð µÃ' urÃ'â€"tÃ'Æ' (DHS) hÐ °Ã'•. Ð ttÐ µmÃ'€tÃ'• to Ð µnforÃ' Ã µ Ã'â€"mmÃ'â€"grÐ °tÃ'â€"on lÐ °wÃ'• hÐ °vÐ µ mÐ °dÐ µ loÃ' Ã °l Ã'€olÃ'â€"Ã' Ã µ vulnÐ µrÐ °blÐ µ to Ã' Ã'â€"vÃ'â€"l rÃ'â€"ghtÃ'• lÐ °wÃ'•uÃ'â€"tÃ'•, Ã'€Ð °rtÃ'â€"Ã' ulÐ °rlÃ'Æ' whÐ µn thÐ µÃ'Æ' Ð °rrÐ µÃ'•t Ã'•omÐ µonÐ µ who Ã'â€"Ã'• not undoÃ' umÐ µntÐ µd then again uÃ'•Ð µ rÐ °Ã' Ã'â€"Ð °l Ã'â ‚¬rofÃ'â€"lÃ'â€"ng to dÐ µtÐ µrmÃ'â€"nÐ µ who to Ã'•Ã' rutÃ'â€"nÃ'â€"zÐ µ. The focus on approaching an ever changing government is to develop programs and systems that would ensure the just treatment of immigrants and also the protection of the officer doing their job. Outside of the dealings with immigration law, police officers also have the responsibility to respond to the culture diversities of their respected communities. Sensational changes in the ethnic and racial cosmetics of the population have made new difficulties at all levels of police work. Eagerness to increase social data about the new groups that they serve will eventually advantage officers in their connections with individuals of various foundations. Officers ‘knowledge of social contrasts, combined with a capacity to show regard for those distinctions, can bring about expanded affinity and successful correspondence with individuals from different ethnic and racial foundations. Trust in numerous eth nic groups must be earned on account of the social stuff that group individuals convey to their

Analysis Of Business Change Solutions And Business Needs †Free Sample

Question: Discuss about the Business Change Solutions And Business Needs. Answer: Core competence a business analyst should have Synopsis: Business analysis has the potential to provide great benefits to business by ensuring that there is alignment between business change solutions and business needs. There are many potential for organizations to improve their information system that can offer competitive advantages but in reality, often it is out of reach. Organizations also seeking solutions to business issues and potential. In order to achieve this goals, business manager needs assist by some expert who have desired set of skills. These factors have laid directlyto the development of their business analyst role. Reflection: there are multiple role a business analyst should take in order to predict business profits for business change initiatives. The major issue occurs as an analyst is defining the business analyst role (Bryson 2018). Across a range of business forums, discussion with several hundred business analyst role does not always accurate represents the range of responsibilities that business analysts are capable of fulfilling. According to the BABOK business analysis can be define as set of techniques and tasks to provide solution to achieve desired goals and avoid future risks (Hass 2011). Business analyst is responsible for perform business analysis activities. For cases like when project team produces solutions for stakeholders through communicate requirement. If client is not satisfied with the solution the project fails. So all BA must have better understanding of Usability engineering.Business analysis practices as 32 tasks are described in BABOK focused on effectively perform business analysis. Critique: usually business analysts are often referred as subject matter expert (SME). However business persons are realizing the lake of effective business analysis for just depends on subject matter experts. Subject matter experts are also equally important but business analyst can enhance the business analysis practices further. BA must also familiar with the object oriented analysis and ensuring quality control. A Business analyst should have better understanding of skills and planning facility user acceptance testing plusensuring the aspects that every stakeholders is undertaken for the validate and verify the requirements. Critical skills for a successful design and develop technology redevelopment Synopsis: business analyst has crucial role in small or large business to embark on productivity and develop technology redevelopment. For ensuring the successful design and redevelop technology they needs some set of skills. These skilled professionals are responsible for ensuring requirements before technical or any other kind of solution is designed and plan the life-cycle to ensure the requirements meets the final solution and end-user is satisfied. An analyst must have several skills such as Business analysis skills, documentation and specification skills, critical thinking skills, communication skills and problem solving skills. Reflection:According to the Hill and Olding the BPA needs a combination of technical skills such as orchestration, decomposition including process modeling skills. There are several skills required in different business cycle. BPM CYCLE Business Analyst skills Stakeholders Knowledge about vision, goals and business strategy. Business process level design phase Familiarity of process model in tools such as EPC, BPMN. Knowledge of process auditing. Communication and interpersonal skills. Models for Strategy and knowledge audit plan Synopsis: In this topic the models of strategy analysis are discussed widely. Organizations should aware of the upcoming problems or predicted issues possible can appear in future. In business environment this type of issues `occurs often and uncertainty organizations are unable to predict the problems or had no plan to encounter them can turn to failure of any certain project or entire enterprise. To avoid this type of failures business analyst should consider some strategy analysis of both internal and external business environment. Reflection: For external analysis mainly there are two types of analysis is available porters five forces analysis and PESTLE analysis (Paul, Yeates and Cadle 2014). The analyst of the external environment is an ongoing process for senior management. From this analysis vital factors can deliver insights into issues for the opportunities or future for new successes. By doing internal analysis organizations offers insights into the area of weakness and strength. Internal analysis is needed to understand the fundamental skills of organizations so that associate sequences of actions can be acknowledged (Prahalad 2008). Utilizing the results of this type of analysis organizations can implement or change their current knowledge to gain the chance of success. There is no fact to adopt approaches associates with area of resources where strong capabilities are lacking. Mainly there are three techniques used to analyze internal factors such as Resource Audit, Most analysis and Boston Box. Porter five force model Critique: In the case of external analysis utilizing both pestle and porter five force model together can help to provide a detailed situation of futuristic problems. However, just using one model may leave gaps in understanding and knowledge (Wasserstein and Lazar 2016). This analysis can be done efficiently under the business analyst supervision to ensure capturing every aspects of internal and external analysis. All organization must manage and monitor every performance and also needs to measure performance in an efficient manner. Business analyst also have responsibility to outline the tactics that will allow the enterprise to accomplish its strategy, recognize the strategic options that will be address a particular situation and will assist the delivery of the business strategy. Relationship between organizational strategy and knowledge audit plan. Knowledge has esteem, and learning can present power as Sir Francis Bacon brought up in a book distributed in 1597. Both give the motivation important to it to be "managed" If it is acknowledged that a basic administration part incorporates "control" at that point the individuals who have information in whatever area and endeavored to practice some control over its scattering and utilize. Thus the individuals who don't have the learning may look to practice some control over the individuals who do have it (Sutcliffe and Sawyer 2014). Also, where information seems to struggle, each gathering endeavors to ensure control over the learning of the other. Today a lot of what is considered to be information comes from its support by the individuals who have authority and power instead of from thorough enquiry and confirmation. Also, cases can be referred to from most fields of try, including the universe of business (Quinn 2011). Those who have the power and expert are hesitant to surrender that the information which they claim to have and which they may have utilized instrumentally to fill some need, could be false and that in tolerating the substitution of their insight by the new learning they might be likewise be yielding their situation as the specialist One of the recent case shows more explanation and lessons. ENRON a multinational company, recently tried to enhance its stakeholders and double-deal the community by compromise the information regarding their trading performance. This provides apparent knowledge to the market and later proven as false and criminal duplicitous. Familiar with the outward knowledge of ENRONs presentation by which they rated AAA by credit rating agencies. That make the ENRON one of the most successful organization as a sample of best practice in the energy field. Inside survey results shows that, employees of the ENRON enjoyed working because of knowledge sharing environment (Mutch 2008). What ENRON demonstrated is an example of the use of, what Thompson outlines as Counter knowledge Leadership and team building skills Synopsis: The leadership skills and the team building skills are an important factor for a business analyst. This section defines the skills in the field of team building and the leadership that is required. All the projects are done in a team. A particular team is assigned for doing the work of the project. The business analyst should be capable enough to identify the people who are capable of performing the particular task. Under leadership skill the business analyst should have the capability of handling the various teams and address the requirements of the team. Reflection: The team building and the leadership skill are the most important skill that the business analyst should posses. The business analyst should have the capability of identifying the people who are capable for performing a particular work in a project. The team is formed by assembling team who are capable to perform the task. This is the team building capability that the business analyst should possess (Moore et al. 2015). This will help in the increasing the productivity of the team and the organization as a whole. The leadership skill that the business analyst should posses is that the business analyst should have an idea about the topics of the project. As a leader the person should have the knowledge about the topic of the projects so that if any of the team faces any difficulty then the problem can be solved by the business analyst. Critique: The improper functioning of the business analyst in the field of the team building and the leadership skills refers to the failure of the project. Building of a team that is not suitable to perform the work or the team members are not compatible with each other may cause the project to be incomplete (Hathaway 2014). It may not be possible for the team to complete the project. The lack of the leadership qualities may also be a problem for the organization and the completion of the project may become difficult for the organization. If there is lack of the leadership qualities in the business analyst then the analysis of the business is difficult for the analyst. As a result of which the understanding of the employees regarding the task may be wrong. Key process involved in understanding context Finding the correct methodologies for your business is unmistakably a major test. In any case, executing them frequently turns out to be a significantly better obstacle for senior directors and research persistently validates that numerous enterprises, huge and little, battle to convey the concurred methodologies to realization. Accordingly, overall industry parts, there is a developing accentuation being set on building execution abilities inside undertakings. The idea of your key procedures will normally rely on the sort of business you work however by and large all tourism organizations have comparable procedures; it's a matter of scale and size as far as the utilization of those procedures that is the genuine difference between organizations (Dalkir 2013). As you investigate how to improved deal with your procedures, a legitimate beginning stage is to be strong as to what they seem to be; in doing as such, it's critical not to make this excessively entangled an activity and despite the fact that there are numerous approaches to classifications your procedures, a straightforward method is to assemble organizations procedures beneath headlines, for example,: Core Processes core process are the perilous and business-wide processes that are fundamental to how organizations manage and business, they ca be conclude as Human Resources Finance Quality/CRM Leadership Marketing Innovation Supporting Processes there will also be a range of supporting processes that help the business to run smoothly and these may include: Administration Purchasing Information technology Environmental management Operational Processes these will vary by business type, but in a tourism context will likely include: Meetings and Events Accommodation Leisure Front Office Production There are also some other key process involved in understanding context such defining targets associates with business goals and performance of process. Certifying that the process is clearly defined to all the stakeholders and then mapped out (Goleman 2017). It is also essential to assembly the business case to senior management when extra assets are necessary to develop the process, and if resources are forthcoming the returns outlining must generated. Monitoring the performance of the process alongside the goals set and following the influence of developments. Functioning with stakeholders and employees to describe probable developments to the progression which meet end-user requirements but do so by providing maximum quality and efficiency. Implementing improvements to the process on a continuous basis. Requirement Elicitation (RE) is characterized as the way toward acquiring an extensive comprehension of stakeholder's fundamentals. It is the underlying and principle procedure of necessities building stage. Elicitation process as a regulation includes association with stakeholders to obtain their unpretentious desires. It effects clients to prompt their requirements and longings from the new techniques (Goetsch and Davis 2014). RE is a perplexing procedure as it constitutes looking for, deciding, picking up, securing, finding and explaining prerequisites of potential partner The Requirements Elicitation strategies that can be utilized are Questionnaires, Interviews Joint, Application Development (JAD), Observation Brainstorming, and so forth. There is no perfect skill that appliance in all circumstances (Kamath and Kamath 2018). One procedure is suitable for one specific circumstance and different works unsurpassed at some other circumstance. Shortcoming of one method can be killed by some other system. Utilizing assortment of procedures guarantees revealing the majority of the prerequisites and subsequently brings about compelling necessities elicitation. RE is typically the inadequately finished procedure of necessities building stage. Applying unseemly procedures impacts affects the framework improvement which thusly influences prerequisites of partners. RE process should be dealt with precisely by applying suitable systems adequately towards the general population. Experts need exhaustive information about every one of the procedures at exactly that point they can choose the proper one. References Bentley, K.A., Omer, T.C. and Sharp, N.Y., 2013. Business strategy, financial reporting irregularities, and audit effort.Contemporary Accounting Research,30(2), pp.780-817. Bryson, J.M., 2018.Strategic planning for public and nonprofit organizations: A guide to strengthening and sustaining organizational achievement. John Wiley Sons. Council of Writing Program Administrators, 2003 Defining and avoiding plagiarism: The WPA statement on best practices, viewed on 16th December 2014, https://wpacouncil.org/positions/WPAplagiarism.pdf Dalkir, K., 2013.Knowledge management in theory and practice. Routledge. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Goleman, D., 2017.Leadership That Gets Results (Harvard Business Review Classics). Harvard Business Press. Hass, K. 2011, The Enterprise Analyst: Developing creative solutions to complex business problems, Management Concepts, Inc, Hass, K. 2011, The Enterprise Analyst: Developing creative solutions to complex business problems, Management Concepts. Hathaway, T 2014, What is business analysis?, viewed on 14 January 2015, https://businessanalysisexperts.com/what-is-business-analysis/ International Institute of Business Analysis, 2009 Guide to the Business Analysis Body of Knowledge BABOK, Version 2, viewed on 16th December 2014, https://www.iiba.org/babok-guide.aspx Kamath, P. and Kamath, P. (2018).The Eight Competencies of Highly Effective IT Business Analysts. [online] BA Times. Available at: https://www.batimes.com/articles/the-eight-competencies-of-highly-effective-it-business-analysts.html [Accessed 31 Mar. 2018]. Moore, G.F., Audrey, S., Barker, M., Bond, L., Bonell, C., Hardeman, W., Moore, L., OCathain, A., Tinati, T., Wight, D. and Baird, J., 2015. Process evaluation of complex interventions: Medical Research Council guidance.bmj,350, p.h1258. Mutch, A. 2008, Managing Information and Knowledge in Organisations London: Routledge. Paul D., Yeates, D., Cadle, J., 2014 Business Analysis, British informatics Society Ltd, Chapters 1 2 Prahalad, C.K, 2008 The role of core competencies in the corporation in The strategy of managing innovation and technology, Milson, M.R and Wilemon, D., Pentice Hall, Upper Saddle River. Quinn, MJ 2012, Ethics for the information age, Pearson, Boston. Sonteya, T and Seymour, L., 2012, 'Towards an understanding of the business process analyst: An analysis of competencies', Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 43-63. Sutcliffe, A. and Sawyer, P., 2013, July. Requirements elicitation: Towards the unknown unknowns. InRequirements Engineering Conference (RE), 2013 21st IEEE International(pp. 92-104). IEEE. Wasserstein, R.L. and Lazar, N.A., 2016. The ASA's statement on p-values: context, process, and purpose.

Trust and the Unintended Effects of Behavior Control in Virtual Teams

Question: Give a review of the article trust and the unintended effects of behavior control in virtual teams. Answer: Introduction The study has evaluated the article Trust and the Unintended Effects of Behavior Control in Virtual Teams. Here, the reviewer also assessed all the objectives of the article in a proper manner, which has determined the effectiveness of virtual teams in an organization and about its importance. The overall analysis of the article also covered the efficiency of the behavior control mechanism, which is used in traditional terms and has a significant impact on the virtual team. Virtual teams, trust, behavior control theory, physiological contract and team works are some of the key elements, which will appraise the success of the article. The classification of the article is divided into six major parts, which will assess a proper analysis of the article Trust and the Unintended Effects of Behavior Control in Virtual Teams. Background of the Article The author of the article covered the aspects of modern business environment; the role of the virtualization contributes as one of the significant issues of business operations. According to the article, it can be said that the idea of the virtual teams is to a group of temporarily dispersed individuals, which bought together, with the help of information and telecommunication technologies. The emergences of the virtual team have initiated many research studies, which will undertake different challenges and benefits in the overall organizational aspects. This particular review led to the development of several theories as well as models, which coordinates between the virtual team trust and leadership. The entire research process conducted an experiment towards involving 51 temporary virtual teams. The overall article also summarized the behavior control mechanism, which is used in the advanced mode of construction an effective teamwork. The researcher has decided to analyze all the factors in the overall research proceedings, which evaluate the thesis and purpose in a defined manner. The article covers all the important aspects of the virtual team. The emergence of computer-mediated technologies has begun to support a new type of work group with the framework of the organization, which is termed as the notion of the virtual team (Pinar et al., 2014). The author of the article has led to the development of different theories and models, which includes virtual team trusts and leadership (Parke, Campbell, Bartol, 2014). Some of the key components, which are required in the development process of a proper virtual team, include virtual team communication, emails, discussion, RSS feeds and video teleconferencing. The key benefit in the process of developing a decent virtual team, have access to specialized expertise across the geographical boundaries, which are prepared for a better communication process and will find creative solutions to complex problems (Barmeyer Haupt, 2016). Similarly, the main challenges, which are highlighted in the process of developing a decent virtual team, include different kinds of conflicts (Keller, 2014). After analyzing the overall article in an appropriate manner, some of the significant conflicts are reflected in the following part of the analysis procedure. Lack of face-to-face communication, time zone differences, communication delays and communication gaps due to space-time dispersion are some of the key challenges in the development process of virtualization (Cogliser et al., 2012). Behavior control and trust decline are the two most important theoretical framework of the article. Control theory as originally conceptualized focused on the organization as the unit of analysis and addressed broad-based organizational control structures (Wright, 2015). By this nature of the behavior control mechanism, there are certain areas, on which the organization will be benefited. This particular concept increases team members vigilance and makes perceived evidence, which the members of the organization has failed to uphold the organizational obligations. Critical review of the Article The article is classified into four sections. The primary part of the article describes different kinds of theoretical assumptions, which the analyst found to be relevant to support the proceedings of the research work in an efficient manner. The second section of the study describes the methods as well as the tools, which the analyst in the study has used with the view of developing a proper research outline. The third section of the survey is the most important part of the overall analysis procedure, which covers the application of both quantitative as well as qualitative analysis process. Some of the key parameters, which are reflected in the third chapter, include data collection as well as data analysis procedures. The final part of the article will conclude an overall discussion of the findings, limitations, and implications for research and practices. The analyst in the study has done a remarkable job while completing the overall research process in the mentioned time. So that it can be said that due that to lack of resources, sometimes it becomes very much difficult for the analyst to complete the overall research process in the given time (Saafein Shaykhian, 2014). Nevertheless, the analyst was able to manage all the situations in a proper manner. The researcher has followed all the necessary techniques while organizing this particular research framework. The introductory part of the analysis covers all the important aspects of the process of developing the research hypothesis. The role of the research hypothesis concludes about the effectiveness of the research operations and its significant impacts. The literature review of the article Trust and the Unintended Effects of Behavior Control in Virtual Teams consists of several theoretical frameworks to evaluate the objectives of the article in an efficient manner. It would have been better if the analyst in the study focused more on the derivation process of new as well as modern theories (Griesinger Schmitt, 2016). The literature review of the article has some loopholes, which is one of the major drawbacks of the articles. All these theories will evaluate the benefits as well as challenges, which will focus on the behavioral objectives of virtual teams. The analyst, with the help of certain theories, supported the literature review by real facts and findings. Nevertheless, it would have been better if the analyst would support the overall analysis procedure with the combination of both modern theories as well as existing methods. Towards magnifying the knowledge about the topic, writing a literature review lets both the researchers as well as the readers to demonstrate skills in the two perceived areas, which includes information seeking and critical appraisal (Keller, 2014). Dynamics of Trust Decline and Behavior Control and Trust Decline, are the two most important theoretical aspects, which evaluates the theoretical backgrounds of the literature review. All these theories are relevant; however, the only gap, which is identified in the overall research process, is the use of existing approaches. It would have been better if the analyst preferred the combination of the both modern ideas and existing methods. Behavior control and tr ust decline contribute as one of the major parts in the world of virtualization (Baruch Lin, 2012). However, in some part of the literature review section, there was a lack of systematic and organized findings. Systematic findings would result in more accurate procedures and steps, and there are certain things in the overall findings research process, which are always done to get better results. However, it can be said, that the idea of the research methodology in the article covers how the researcher has developed the outline of the investigation procedure. Data collection and data sampling system are the two important aspects, which summarize the overview of the research process. It will have been better if the researcher diversifies the sample size. The researcher only targeted from six schools from United States, Europe, and New Zealand. On an average, they were 28.1 years old and had 5.1 years of work experience. About 10 percent of the respondent reported having been a member of a virtual team in the past. The analyst followed a preliminary survey, which includes background, experience, and demographical information. The approach behavior mechanism applied in the study with the view of identifying the loopholes in the analysis process. Both quantitative, as well as qualitative analysis, are performed by keeping mind the framework of the research work. Limitation of the Research Limitations are influences, which the researcher cannot control while organizing an active research work. Any restrictions in the overall research proceedings that might affect the processes of the investigation should be mentioned in a proper manner. The limitations of the study must be recognized before the results are interpreted. There are some restrictions on this particular research work and the study mainly focuses on the effectiveness of virtual teams in an experimental setting. The most important part of the overall research work is it did not provide specific training to manage the behavior control mechanism. On the other hand, the application of this particular research is restricted only behavior control of the virtual team. However, in the data analysis and collection procedure, the investigator has asked the research questions, which were limited only in the schools and universities. It would have been resulted in a better manner if the analyst in the study diversified the data collection procedures. The overall research system also lacks in the face-to-face communication in virtual teams tends to hinder clean and efficient information. It leads to the biases of the overall collected data in the research process. How ever, to plan and carry out research it is necessary for the analyst to develop an overall in general as well as in the specialized fields of language, which will inure an overall effectiveness of the research proceedings (Goldberg Howe, 2014). Conclusion The concluding part of the analysis procedure covers the entire important factor, which will evaluate the effectiveness of the virtual team in the modern communication process. The overall review of the article will cover the major aspects, which the researcher has used with the view of constructing an active research work. There are four classifications in the research process. All the important aspects of virtualization are highlighted to analyze the main advantages of the system. The outline of the research process evaluates the effectiveness of using different kinds of research methods by which the researcher will be able to the frame the proceedings of the study. The data analysis procedure contributes the combination of both quantitative as well as the qualitative approach of sampling. However, one of the significant gaps, which have been identified in the proceedings, is the biasness of the collected data, as the analyst has used only one source of collection. The literature review section consists of relevant theories; however, one of the major drawbacks, which have been identified, is the applications of lack of modern ideas to evaluate the proceedings in a proper manner. Reference list Barmeyer, C., Haupt, U. (2016). Future+: Intercultural Challenges and Success Factors in an International Virtual Project Team.Intercultural Management: A Case-Based Approach to Achieving Complementarity and Synergy, 214. Baruch, Y. Lin, C.P., 2012. All for one, one for all: Coopetition and virtual team performance.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,79(6), pp.1155-1168. Cogliser, C. C., Gardner, W. L., Gavin, M. B., Broberg, J. C. (2012). Big five personality factors and leader emergence in virtual teams relationships with team trustworthiness, member performance contributions, and team performance.Group Organization Management,37(6), 752-784. Goldberg, J. R., Howe, S. (2014). Virtual Capstone Design Teams: Preparing for Global Innovation. Griesinger, A., Schmitt, T. (2016). Training and Qualification: Recommendations for Virtual Team Development.Handbook of Human Resources Management, 395. Keller, M. R. (2014).Effective global virtual teams: The impact of culture, communication, and trust(Doctoral dissertation, UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND UNIVERSITY COLLEGE). Parke, M. R., Campbell, E. M., Bartol, K. M. (2014, January). Setting the stage for virtual team development: Designing teams to foster knowledge sharing. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2014, No. 1, p. 17244). Academy of Management. Pinar, T., Zehir, C., Kitapi, H. and Tanriverdi, H., 2014. The relationships between leadership behaviors team learning and performance among the virtual teams.International Business Research,7(5), p.68. Saafein, O., Shaykhian, G. A. (2014). Factors affecting virtual team performance in telecommunication support environment.Telematics and Informatics,31(3), 459-462. Wright, S. L. (2015). Examining the Impact of Collaborative Technology Skills Training on Virtual Team Collaboration Effectiveness.Journal of Applied Learning Technology,5(4).

Poverty fighting in Saudi Arabia and in USA

Introduction Poverty is a major global scourge affecting billions of people around the world. Both developed and developing countries experience poverty-related problems. According to research on world demography, there are over three billion people who survive on less than $2.50 a day around the world. This population represents almost half of the world population. Additionally, the GDP of approximately forty seven poor countries is less than the wealth owned by seven richest countries in the world.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Poverty fighting in Saudi Arabia and in USA specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These statistics clearly illustrate how inequality in resource distribution among nations has continued to affect the living standards of people. In understanding the concept of poverty, it is important to double emphasize the fact that poverty cuts across the global screen, ranging from Africa to America thr ough the Arab world. In other words, it is a problem that almost every nation tries to address continuously (Rosen Gayer, 2010). Based on the negative impact of poverty, there is no doubt that the wish of every leader is to combat this scourge permanently in order to raise the living standards of people. As such, there are preventive programs which have been adopted in most countries. This report discuses some of the poverty prevention programs that have been adopted by Saudi Arabia and the United States in dealing with a global problem, threatening the lives of billions of people around the world. A part from principally focusing on preventive programs, the report further synthesizes causes of poverty in the two countries together with the economic impact of the proposed measures programs. Poverty in Saudi Arabia When most people think about Saudi Arabia, majority are usually clouded with the assumption that the country must be extremely rich based on the fact that it is the world ’s leading oil producer. Saudi Arabians are therefore associated with wealthy living standards characterized by latest American cars, high level of technology, designer brands and fashion and innumerable high class malls around the country (Rosen Gayer, 2010). This school of thought carries a lot of weight even though the living standards for most Saudi Arabians contradict it. It raises the question of how the country benefits from petroleum products widely spread in the country. Can this be used to raise the living standards of millions of its people languishing in poverty? Due to the presence of oil in the country like in most Arabic nations, a good number of Saudi Arabians understand the meaning of living a decent lifestyle. The government has significantly invested in fighting poverty by initiating programs that aim at alleviating the life of its people (Ramady, 2010).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Both healthcare and education are given free of charge to Saudi Arabians by the government. However, history has continuously registered low enrollment in education institutions, leading to a higher rate of illiteracy in the country than one would expect. Moreover, all Saudis who have attained the age of adulthood are entitled to a piece of land from the government and a loan to enable them construct a house and develop a foundation for their life. Like many other countries around the world, Saudi Arabia has experienced fluctuations in economic performance and stability. Its highest GDP per capita was in late 1970s and early 1980s. This realization was mainly attributed to high oil prices, leading to enormous revenue from oil sales. The living standards of most people were also commendable as every person was valued at a GDP of US$16,650 in the year 1981. Unfortunately, this trend did not continue as the prices of oil drastically fell around t he world, resulting in economic stagnation (Ramady, 2010). Coupled with Saudi Arabia’s fall in oil production, the GDP assumed low figures as people struggled to cope with the situation that was leading to poor living standards. By late 1980s, the country recorded a GDP of US$5,500. With other factors coming into play like the Gulf War that led to the rise in oil prices, Saudi Arabia experienced quantifiable economic growth once again. Consequently, it recorded US$9,000 as GDP in the year 1999. Even though Saudi Arabia has a widespread social safety net, inequality in resource distribution and allocation has augmented hatred among majority of its poor people. By the year 1999, the National Commercial Bank indicated that out of the twenty million citizens, wealth of the nation was being controlled by only one hundred and twenty millionaires. This national wealth that was thought to benefit the entire population equally was estimated at US$400 billion. As a result of this skewe d revelation, twenty percent of men in the country, ranging between the age of twenty and twenty nine years lacked employment. This saw most households experience extreme strain in meeting their financial needs. In responding to the situation that was becoming more evident, the government initiated programs aimed at creating employment for Saudis in the late 1990s. Between 1995 and 2004, there were successful strategies whose principal objective was â€Å"Saudiization† of the labor force (Ramady, 2010). Furthermore, there are several legislations that have been adopted requiring five percent of the population to be part of the private sector.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Poverty fighting in Saudi Arabia and in USA specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To achieve this target, most Saudi firms are required to have at least five percent of employees being made up of Saudi citizens. In other words, the governm ent has remained focused on limiting chances of employment for foreigners and increasing opportunities for local citizens. Some of the measures which have been incorporated include nonrenewal of work permits and raising visa charges that are to be paid by employers before hiring foreigners. Other programs aim at ensuring that more citizens enroll for education to fight high levels of illiteracy and making healthcare more affordable among more citizens (Ramady, 2010). Poverty prevention in Saudi Arabia As mentioned above, poverty remains a major problem affecting the people of Saudi Arabia. Emanating from intertwined factors like unequal resource sharing, illiteracy and politics, the government has remained focused at establishing strategies and programs, which target mitigation of the impact of poverty and lowering its escalation rate among Saudis (Ramady, 2010). This segment of the report examines some of the projects that have turned to be a source of hope for many people who have learned to survive under tight financial limits. One of these programs is the social insurance plan. This is considered as the oldest program that was initiated to alleviate the living standards of Saudis. The force behind this establishment was the Royal family through a decree and efforts from several offices in the country. The main aim of this program was to promote the living standards of poor and needy people in Saudi Arabia through pensions. Common beneficiaries of the initiative include but not limited to orphans, handicapped individuals and helpless women (United Nations, 2002). The program also offers social help to disabled people, families of prisoners and those affected by disasters. Additionally, the social agency runs productive projects, which enable poor people to meet their daily needs. Charity organizations are also common in Saudi Arabia. These voluntary organizations usually comprise of Saudis who are mainly interested in doing social work. In attempting to imp rove the living standards of people, charities are involved in a wide range of activities including monthly assistance, financial assistance to newly married individuals, assistance to patients in hospitals in homes and hospitals, establishment of hospitality homes, helping the orphans and handicapped and care for the elderly (United Nations, 2002). In general, the programs are aimed at augmenting social development and improving the living standards of poor families by addressing existing problems.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The government has also been a key player in the management of poverty in Saudi Arabia. Since the development of the social insurance agency, the government maintains its support and commitment by ensuring that funds are allocated during national budgetary allotment. Besides this allocation, the amount allocated has continued to increase up to four times since the agency was established. The social insurance allocation increment ranged between 42% and 38%. In the year 2002, the total charity value was 119,979,410 Saudi Riyal (United Nations, 2002). In responding to the situation, the Ministry of Labor offers 50,000 Saudi Riyals to individuals who qualify to be technically handicapped. This approach is aimed at allowing handicapped people to run businesses and earn a living. In addition, the launch of a retirement system by the Saudi Arabian government was highly applauded as one of the ways of considering the elderly in the system. The scheme allows retirees to receive a reasonable amount from the government to allow them lead a normal life after retiring from the civil service. According to the scheme, civil servants are deducted 9% of their salary, which is added to 2% of the government’s budget (United Nations, 2002). This money is given as full salary after retirement with the lowest earner receiving 1,500 Saudi Riyals. This applies to those citizens who have served for at least forty years and thirty five years for military officers. Individuals working in the private sector are also covered by the social insurance. For instance, those who get handicapped while on duty are compensated, based on the assessment done by officials from the insurance organization concerned. In such cases, employees are allowed to contribute 5% while the employer gives 8% towards the insurance system. In ensuring that its citizens have decent houses, the government has established Specialist Lending Corporations, whose mandate is to offer loans to citizens with affordabl e terms (United Nations, 2002). As a result, there is no interest charged on these loans to allow low class people to improve their housing. Moreover, the government initiated the Saudi Industrial Development Fund which offers long-term loans for up to five or ten years, mainly for industrial projects in the country. The main advantage of this approach is to encourage more investors to construct industries that would in turn absorb majority of poor and jobless people as a way of improving their living standards. The land development fund is also a program run by the government, which supports property construction in towns and villages in order to curb immigration (United Nations, 2002). This allows working people to be equally distributed in the country for nation-wide economic growth. Another important program in fighting poverty is the establishment of the Saudi Arabian Agricultural Bank. This bank promotes farming by providing easy and flexible loans to farmers to allow them adv ance farming. Farmers further receive agricultural relief to enable them purchase agricultural inputs and equipment (United Nations, 2002). On the other hand, Saudi Credit Banks have been started by the government, giving financial aid for home refurbishment, marriage loans and business loans for professionals. Coupled with good infrastructure, the Saudi Arabian government aims at lowering poverty levels in the country. Poverty in USA Despite the fact that the United States prides being the world’s most powerful nation, the problem of poverty haunts a number of its citizens who find it hard to pay bills and live in poor standards. By the year 2010, the country registered 15.1% as the proportion of people who qualified to be classified as poor. According to the census bureau, poverty percentage recorded in the year 2010 was the highest in America’s history since 1993. Between 1993 and 2003, the bureau registered a continuous decreasing trend, reaching 11.3% in 2000 (NPC , 2011). Although recession was argued as a contributing factor towards the increase, some of the high figures were registered before the recession period. Nevertheless, a better understanding of the poverty status in the United States goes beyond analyzing statistical data collected by the census bureau. What is imperative is the examination of the living conditions for those people considered as poor by the government. Of great significance is the manner in which many citizens view and understand â€Å"poverty†. Poverty is measured by a number of parameters including but not limited to the inability to find healthy food, shelter and good clothing for one’s family. However, a few people included in the poor population fit in this category of people in the society. Notably, material hardship is principally limited in both severity and scope (NPC, 2011). In this approach, it is equally important to double emphasize the fact that the living conditions of people in the U. S living in poverty have steadily improved. As a result, several goods, which were initially considered as luxuries for the middle class people can be acquired by poor households. This could be attributed to a drop in prices as a result of the introduction of new products (NPC, 2011). These declining prices for several amenities have widely been used to argue that poverty is not a serious issue Americans. Although most households in the U.S may have the conveniences of life, they normally end up suffering from denial of basic needs for humanity like housing and food. What causes poverty in America? Poverty is caused by numerous factors in America. One of the stereotypic explanations for the existence of poverty in the American society is the fact that poor people are the main causes of poverty, since everything is possible in the U.S. Several poor people have been accused for the escalation of the situation for not seeing beyond the challenges and luxuries of today (NPC, 2011). Poor people have also been coined as fatalists who relinquish themselves to a culture of poverty in which almost nothing could be done to reverse the situation. However, this theory of blaming the poor for poverty is unrealistic since there are several poor people willing and ready to work. As such, other factors like level of education have to be considered. Due to lack of wages and minimum opportunities to receive higher education, most of the poor people get no employment consideration as compared to their learned counterparts (NPC, 2011). Other theorists believe that some poor people would rather be given welfare payments than accepting low-paying jobs like restaurant attendants and maids among others. In the U.S, poverty leads to homelessness, high exposure to communicable and nutritional diseases and low education. Poverty prevention in USA In addressing poverty in the United States, it is worth noting that the War on Poverty began several decades ago when President Lyndon Johnson proposed an important legislation, a move that was seen as the president’s response towards poverty in 1964. At that time, the country’s poverty rate was approximately 19%. This proposal by President Lyndon resulted into an anonymous adoption of the Economic Opportunity Act (NPC, 2011). Under this act, the Office of Economic Opportunity was established to mainly foresee the application of local funds in combating poverty in the country. President Johnson further believed that there was need for the federal government to expand its role in providing education and affordable medical services to American families stricken by the poverty. Although this proposal was highly welcomed, it lost its popularity in the 1980s and 1990s when it was replaced by the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act in 1996 (NPC, 2011). Another program that has been successful in fighting poverty in the United States is the Food Stamp Program, which focuses on low-income individuals. T his program has received massive support from the political class, recording success in insurance of unemployment, childcare assistance and TANF cash welfare to low-income earners (Weill, n.d.). The program overcame numerous challenges, which led to several initiatives of its nature. In expanding its coverage area, the number of recipients grew from 17.2 million in 2005 to an average of 26.5 million people per month in 2007. Besides the Social Security, the Food Stamp Program is as large as any other American program established to alleviate the living standards of low-income earners. Its support from politicians is attributed to effective outreach, advocacy and thorough reforms. The integrity of the program has also been augmented by the introduction of the Electronic Benefits Cards (Weill, n.d.). Another American program designed to deal with poverty is the AmeriCorps VISTA. This was approved in 1964 and founded in 1965 by VISTA, Volunteers in Service to America. VISTA was later i ntegrated in the AmeriCorps Network of Programs in the year 1993 and has remained active in the fight against poverty in the U.S for approximately forty five years (AmeriCorps VISTA, 2011). Impact on the economy Although anti-poverty programs are commendable in improving the living standards of people in both U.S and Saudi Arabia, it is important to note that this approach may have significant impact on the economy of a nation. In cases where the government is fully funding these programs, a lot of funds could be used, which would otherwise be utilized to run and establish development projects (Rosen Gayer, 2010). Recommendations and conclusion Based on this report, it suffices to note that poverty in Saudi Arabia and in USA remains a point of concern. Although the two countries exhibit different causes and programs initiated to deal with scourge, there is need for these programs to be supported by politicians and other stakeholders in ensuring their success. Additionally, caution has to be taken in adopting a given program to avoid strenuous cases on the economy of the affected country. References AmeriCorps VISTA. (2011). About AmeriCorps VISTA. AmeriCorps VISTA. Web. NPC. (2011). Poverty Facts. National Poverty Center. Web. Ramady, M. (2010). The Saudi Arabian Economy: Policies, Achievements, and Challenges. New York: Springer. Rosen, H., Gayer, T. (2010). Public Finance. New York: McGraw-Hill. United Nations. (2002). Saudi Arabia Country Profile. United Nations. Web. Weill, J. (n.d.). What the Food Stamp Program Can Teach Us About Fighting Poverty. Spotlight on poverty. Web. This report on Poverty fighting in Saudi Arabia and in USA was written and submitted by user Coen Sweet to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Important Tips To Remember With Your SSAT Sample Essay

Important Tips To Remember With Your SSAT Sample EssayThe last thing you need to worry about is your SSAT sample essay. It should be a thorough examination of the entire test and a great way to show your weaknesses and strengths. Some people, when they sit for the test find it hard to figure out how to write their essay, especially when you go through all the sections.What you need to remember with the sample essay is that you need to focus on the concept. When writing a paper, do not get too many details in. The length of your essay can depend on the quality of the essay. If you find it hard to write then just skip it and move on to the next section.Your SSAT sample essay should include several sections. In the first section, you will need to have a proper introduction to the essay topic. You may want to add some extra facts or information to give it a better ending.The second section will require some reasoning about the content of the essay. You will need to summarize what you are trying to get across and outline the main points. This part is often the toughest to write. Do not forget to close with a sentence or two to summarize your essay and close with a conclusion.Your SSAT sample essay can also involve an argument. You will need to use different arguments to get your point across. You will need to put your argument in the essay. You will also need to check the grammar and spellings of your essay. You may also want to have a friend of a friend proofread it for you.Finally, if you need a conclusion, you should take the time to describe why you want your reader to know more about your topic. Make sure you have enough information in the conclusion section to support your point. You will also need to choose your keywords and make sure they are specific enough to make your statement stand out.You should use a paragraph format for your essay. Use bullet points and a good starting and ending point will help you get the essay finished faster. You will also need t o organize the essay and choose which paragraphs will fit in the larger body of the essay.Finally, you need to have a strong background for your essay. Remember that you will be using this essay as one of the tests you will be submitting for college entrance exams. In order to do well on the SSAT, you will need to have a great grasp of your college subject.

Case 1 in the International Spotlight, Vietnam Essays

Case 1 in the International Spotlight, Vietnam Essays Case 1 in the International Spotlight, Vietnam Essay Case 1 in the International Spotlight, Vietnam Essay Jason Proctor N00038265 Case 1: In the International Spotlight, Vietnam Management 4600 – International Management CRN 85418 9/09/2011 1. In what way does the political environment in Vietnam pose both an opportunity and a threat for the American MNCs seeking to do business there? The political environment poses an opportunity for American firms because the Vietnamese government is now working hard to attract U. S. investment. Their Government is continually being innovative and perfecting mechanisms and policies to encourage all non-state economic sectors to expand investment, including the U. S. , to increase the efficiency of foreign investment. Now American companies have the chance to gain a strong position by investing while the political opportunities are good. The United States has emerged to become the largest investor in Vietnam, accounting for 47. 8 percent of total newly registered capital. (Vietnam Business News Online) Becoming the 150th member of the World Trade Organization shows the country has the willingness to open its trade doors and a strong political move to prove that the country is willing to abide by outside rules and regulations. This would impress investors and would likely consider doing business with Vietnam. Being a communist nation, the government still closely controls the economy and U. S. firms may find that their opportunities will be limited and a number of unforeseen possible legal problems may exist. Typically a communist government does not care for a multinational business as they only want what’s best for their country. An example of this type of action would be that the government will try to pawn one multinational off against another in order to gain a better position for itself. This would sour relationships between those multinational investors while only making minimal or short term gains for them. The organization and structure of how Vietnam does business is not as efficient as some of the multinational corporations that want to do business there. David Dapice, an economist with the Vietnam Program at Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government said â€Å"Vietnams economic system is dualistic: the export and domestic sector are quite efficient and use capital pretty efficiently; while some government-controlled enterprises are largely inefficient. (International Business Times) This would indicated that the high political influence and control of Vietnamese firms have much to learn since its 2007 induction to the World Trade Organization to have a dominate place in the global economy as an effective and efficient leader. A more extreme threat would be that the communist state of Vietnam could take over a corporation and seize contro l over its assists. There could also be underlying tension from past relationships that Vietnam and the U. S. have had especially being around four decades from the Vietnam War. Many of whom who lived through that could hold currently hold political and government positions that could weaken relations with American investment. 2. Why are U. S. multinationals interested in going into Vietnam? How much potential does the country offer? How might Vietnam compare to China as a place to do business? With a population of 90 million, Vietnam has an average national income of $ 1,168 per person annually and a literacy rate is 90%. (US Department of State online) Even though the income level is low compared on the global scale, this indicates that there is a willingness to learn and grow as a population. This is much potential for investing into this country as you have a workforce that can read, understand and has the capacity to learn. This makes it an attractive market for many firms. Vietnam is showing effort to be multination by not only learning the English language but showing efforts to improve their overall education. U. S. multinationals will be interested that the growth of Vietnam’s economy will spawn the need for a variety of goods and services, many of which are currently not widely available. This is a prime time to start to market not only new business but products, services and jobs that this economy can use to grow, modernize and adjust to the international markets. Technology and industrial equipment that can help increase the nations productivity. This increase in the nation’s productivity will improve business relations and raise the countries standard of life as the Vietnamese worker is content on making almost nothing currently. The potential here is almost limitless as the emerging country is just now opening up globally. I believe Vietnam compares to China as they both have strong agriculture, natural resources and low cost labor to provide multinational corporations. China and Vietnam are both communist countries that have heavy government control and direction. Light industrial and labor intensive industries are on the rise in both countries. With the similarities Vietnam and China have on the international business market, â€Å"Vietnam is a sound alternative to China for those looking at Asia for their investment†, writes Mr. Christopher Runckel, President of Runckel Associates. The Vietnam Economic Times: Supplement October 2006) Another similarity Vietnam has with China is the boom in industrial and power transmission markets. China is one of, if not the top, importer and exporter of minerals and power sources such as coal and oil. Vietnam currently has a $50 billion plan to build its power plants and power transmission system over the next 10 years. This move will boost the industrial production of the country due to their slow production recently due to power black-outs. Vietnam is also speeding up its negotiations with coal-exporting nations which include Australia and Russia. Vietnam has the need for even more power to fuel its power and industrial needs. To fill this need, Vietnam is looking to Russia to borrow funds to build its first nuclear electricity power plant. (WSJ) China has already implemented a nuclear program to help with their needs of electrical power supplement. 3. Will there be any opportunities in Vietnam for high-tech American firms? Why or why not? Vietnam’s Chamber of Commerce says  e-commerce will grow to  $6 billion over the next three years, and  consumers will pay $2 billion  online by 2015 as  30 million internet users get comfortable with online purchasing. This leads me to believe that there are plenty of opportunities in Vietnam for high tech American firms. An example would be American high-tech solar panel maker  First Solar. This company is investing in a $300 million factory in Vietnam that will employ 600 workers to make  advanced semiconductor technology renewable energy products. Another example would be telecommunications. Companies that can offer cellular telephone and wireless technology will find Vietnam to be an excellent market to operate in. American firms can move in and build cellular towers at a lower cost than traditional buried and raised cable networks which means an American cellular provider can create a system that can connect all parts of the country locally and internationally at a fraction of what it could cost to wire the nation with high cost copper and aluminum cable. Our text book refers to this as a form of technologic leapfrogging in which â€Å"regions of the world are moving from a situation where phones were unavailable to one where cellular is available everywhere. A big indicator that American firms will have plenty of opportunity in Vietnam is the move made by Citigroup Inc. who took a 9. 9% stake in a Vietnamese brokerage firm Horizon Securities Corp. Currently Vietnam only allows foreigners can buy only up to 49% of a local brokerage, but Vietnam has committed to allowing full ownership by 2012. If Citi decides to take a larger stake then, it will then bring the local brokers technology, servic e and compliance standards into line with Citis practices globally. WSJ) This is an opportunity for not only high-tech and financial firms but a big opportunity for Vietnam in return to modernize its technological systems and financial infrastructure on an international level. Another aspect that high-tech American firms can invest in is in IT outsourcing. ATT recently rated Vietnam as the next IT outsourcing hotspot as Vietnam produces 10,000 or more software and hardware engineers creating a viable market for IT talent. Vietnamese graduates come from American but also from international universities giving them strong technical and English language skills. These are the skills that open up more opportunities for American and other international corporation inside Vietnam. Sources of research: Text: â€Å"International Management: Culture, Strategy and Behavior†, Fred Luthans, 8th edition News Articles: China Briefing China vs. Vietnam as the Future Workshop of the World china-briefing. com/news/2011/05/20/china-vs-vietnam-as-the-future-workshop-of-the-world. html Vietnam Business News US Becomes Largest Investor in Vietnam http://vietnambusiness. asia/us-becomes-largest-investor-in-vietnam International Business Times Vietnam: High Potential, High Risks ibtimes. com/articles/46475/20100826/vietnam. htm U. S. Department of State, Vietnam state. gov/p/eap/ci/vm Article Vietnam work culture different than China http://people. bath. ac. uk/mnsipc/Reading/AsiaPac%20articles/vietnam%20work%20culture. pdf Wall Street Journal – â€Å"Vietnam Plans to Raise $48. 8 Billion for Power Projects in 2011-2020† http://online. wsj. com/article/SB10001424053111903454504576487853952928320. html? KEYWORDS=Vietnam+investing Business in Asia Unleash the Force business-in-asia. com/vietnam_compared_to_china. html Article Doing Business in Vietnam http://taglaw. com/files/Doing%20Business%20Guides/Doing%20Business%20in%20Vietnam. pdf Vietnews South seeks more US investors dztimes. net/post/business/south-seeks-more-us-investors. aspx The Saigon Times The Third Wave Coming http://english. thesaigontimes. vn/Home/business/investment/14849 Vietnam Economics – Vietnomics http://vietnomics. wordpress. com/2011/05/14/early-adopter-ibm-setting-pace-in-vietnam